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Mark's PEARLS > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for blood pressure?

A

BP = CO x SVR

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2
Q

What is the expanded formula for your blood pressure?

A

BP = HR x SV x SVR

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3
Q

Hypertension with comorbid CHF/DM.

SE: cough, angioedema, & contraindicated in bilateral RAS

A

Captopril

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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4
Q

Used in ACE-inhibitor intolerance

A

Losartan

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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5
Q

Hypertension with comorbid BPH

A

Prazosin

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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6
Q

Pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication)

SE: hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs test)

A

Methyldopa

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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7
Q

Pre-eclampsia (acute BP lowering)

SE: reflex tachycardia & drug induced lupus.

A

Hydralazine

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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8
Q

Hypertensive emergency

SE: hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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9
Q

Hypertensive emergency

SE: Cyanide poisoning

A

Nitroprusside

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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10
Q

Treatment of cyanide poisoning

A

Amyl Nitrite

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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11
Q

Why do patients taking angiotensin antagonist (ACE-Is/ARBs) develop hyperkalemia?

A

ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention.

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12
Q

Which portion of the electron transport chain us affected by cyanide?

A

Complex IV (Cytochrome Oxidase) of ETC.

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13
Q

What is the antidote for Cyanide Poisoning?

A

Ingaled Amyl Nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate

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14
Q

Relief of acute anginal attacks.

SE: headache

A

Nitroglycerine
ISDN
(Anti-anginal drugs)

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15
Q

Anginal maintenance, vascular > cardiac effect.

SE: flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia.

A

Nifedipine

Anti-anginal drugs

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16
Q

Anginal maintenance, cardiac > vascular effect, vasospastic angina, Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Does not cause gingival hyperplasia.

A

Diltiazem

Anti-anginal drugs

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17
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia (OPD setting), Cardiac > Vascular effect

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

Anti-anginal drugs

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18
Q

Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?

A

Due to meningeal blood vessel vasodilation

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19
Q

Why is calcium-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?

A

CCBs block L-type Ca channels

other functions use N-,P-, and R-types

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20
Q

What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

Nifedipene, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, & Verapamil

21
Q

Positive inotrope for heart failure.

SE: arrythmias (PVC & AVB) & yellow visual halos

A

Digoxin

Drugs for Heart Failure

22
Q

Treatment of Pulmonary edema in CHF.

A

Furosemide

Drugs for Heart Failure

23
Q

First-line drug for CHF, Cardioprotective, and Renoprotective.

A

ACE-I & ARBs

Drugs for Heart Failure

24
Q

Improves survival (decreases mortality) in CHF.

A

ACE-I, ARBs, Beta blocker, & Spinorolactone

Drugs for Heart Failure

25
Q

Decrease Hospitalizations in CHF.

A

Digoxin

Drugs for Heart Failure

26
Q

Improves survival in CHF patients of African-American descent.

A

Hydralazine & ISDN

Drugs for Heart Failure

27
Q

What drugs have been shown to improve survival in cases of heart failure?

A

ACE-I, Beta blockers, & Aldosterone antagonist

Drugs for Heart Failure

28
Q

Treatment of all types of arrythmias & WPW syndrome.

SE: drug-induced lupus

A

Procainamide (IA)

Antiarrhytmic drugs

29
Q

For atrial and ventricular arrythmias

SE: Cinchonism

A

Qunine
Quinidine (IA)
(Antiarrhytmic drugs)

30
Q

Post-MI arrythmias and Digitalis arrythmias

SE: seizures

A

Lidocaine (IB)

31
Q

Contraindicated post-MI Refractory arrythmias

A

Flecainide (IC)

32
Q

Perioperative & thyrotoxic arrythmias and SVT

A

Esmolol

33
Q

Beta-blocker, Group 3 acitivity

SE: dose-dependent Torsades de pointes

A

Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, and Sotalol

34
Q

Most efficacious antiarrythmic

SE: skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, and hyper/hypothyroidism

A

Amiodarone (Class I - IV activity)

35
Q

Outpatient management of SVT.

SE: gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

36
Q

What are the effects of Class I antiarrythmics on action potential duration?

A

Class IA: PROLONGS
Class IB: SHORTENS
Class IC: NO EFFECT

37
Q

Acts on PCT, treatment of glaucoma and mountain sickness.

SE: NAGMA (Metabolic Acidosis), hepatic encephalopathy

A

Acetazolamide (Diuretics)

38
Q

Acts on TAL, treatment of Pulmonary edema, most efficacious diuretics.

SE: Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Calcium stones

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, and ethacrynic acid

Diuretics

39
Q

Acts on DCT, Given in renal calcium stones

SE: Hyperglycemia

A

HCTZ

Diuretics

40
Q

Acts on CCD

SE: Gynecomastia, Hyperkalemia

A

Spinorolactone
Aldactone
(Diuretics)

41
Q

Acts on PCT, DCT, and CCD. Treatment of rhabdomyolysis and increased ICP.

SE: Transient volume expansion

A

Mannitol

Diuretics

42
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?

A

OHHH DANG!

Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Dehydration
Allergy to Sulfa
Nephritis
Gout (hyperurecemia)
43
Q

Adverse effects of Thiazide Diuretics?

A 
Hyper GLUC
Glycemia
Lipidemia
Uricemia
Calcemia

Hypokalemia and natremia

44
Q

Which drugs can cause gynecomastia?

A

Spinorolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Alcohol, and Ketoconazole

45
Q

Treatment for Class 1A overdose?

A

Sodium Lactate - for arrythmias

Pressor Sympathomimetics - drug induced hypotension

46
Q

Amiodarone toxicity:

A 
Pulmonary fibrosis
Paresthesia 
Tremors
Thyroid dysfunction
Corneal deposits 
Skin deposits
47
Q

HAGMA

A

MUDPILES

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
Isoniazid, Iron
Lactic Acid
Ethanol, Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
48
Q

NAGMA

A

HARD UP

Hyperalimentation
Acetazolamide
RTA
Diarrhea
Ureteral diversion
Pancreatic fistula

Mark's PEARLS (24 decks)

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