Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
What is the formula for blood pressure?
BP = CO x SVR
What is the expanded formula for your blood pressure?
BP = HR x SV x SVR
Hypertension with comorbid CHF/DM.
SE: cough, angioedema, & contraindicated in bilateral RAS
Captopril
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Used in ACE-inhibitor intolerance
Losartan
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Hypertension with comorbid BPH
Prazosin
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication)
SE: hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs test)
Methyldopa
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Pre-eclampsia (acute BP lowering)
SE: reflex tachycardia & drug induced lupus.
Hydralazine
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Hypertensive emergency
SE: hypertrichosis
Minoxidil
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Hypertensive emergency
SE: Cyanide poisoning
Nitroprusside
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Treatment of cyanide poisoning
Amyl Nitrite
Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
Why do patients taking angiotensin antagonist (ACE-Is/ARBs) develop hyperkalemia?
ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention.
Which portion of the electron transport chain us affected by cyanide?
Complex IV (Cytochrome Oxidase) of ETC.
What is the antidote for Cyanide Poisoning?
Ingaled Amyl Nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate
Relief of acute anginal attacks.
SE: headache
Nitroglycerine
ISDN
(Anti-anginal drugs)
Anginal maintenance, vascular > cardiac effect.
SE: flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia.
Nifedipine
Anti-anginal drugs
Anginal maintenance, cardiac > vascular effect, vasospastic angina, Raynaud’s phenomenon.
Does not cause gingival hyperplasia.
Diltiazem
Anti-anginal drugs
Supraventricular tachycardia (OPD setting), Cardiac > Vascular effect
Gingival hyperplasia
Verapamil
Anti-anginal drugs
Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?
Due to meningeal blood vessel vasodilation
Why is calcium-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?
CCBs block L-type Ca channels
other functions use N-,P-, and R-types
What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?
Nifedipene, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, & Verapamil
Positive inotrope for heart failure.
SE: arrythmias (PVC & AVB) & yellow visual halos
Digoxin
Drugs for Heart Failure
Treatment of Pulmonary edema in CHF.
Furosemide
Drugs for Heart Failure
First-line drug for CHF, Cardioprotective, and Renoprotective.
ACE-I & ARBs
Drugs for Heart Failure
Improves survival (decreases mortality) in CHF.
ACE-I, ARBs, Beta blocker, & Spinorolactone
Drugs for Heart Failure
Decrease Hospitalizations in CHF.
Digoxin
Drugs for Heart Failure
Improves survival in CHF patients of African-American descent.
Hydralazine & ISDN
Drugs for Heart Failure
What drugs have been shown to improve survival in cases of heart failure?
ACE-I, Beta blockers, & Aldosterone antagonist
Drugs for Heart Failure
Treatment of all types of arrythmias & WPW syndrome.
SE: drug-induced lupus
Procainamide (IA)
Antiarrhytmic drugs
For atrial and ventricular arrythmias
SE: Cinchonism
Qunine
Quinidine (IA)
(Antiarrhytmic drugs)
Post-MI arrythmias and Digitalis arrythmias
SE: seizures
Lidocaine (IB)
Contraindicated post-MI Refractory arrythmias
Flecainide (IC)
Perioperative & thyrotoxic arrythmias and SVT
Esmolol
Beta-blocker, Group 3 acitivity
SE: dose-dependent Torsades de pointes
Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, and Sotalol
Most efficacious antiarrythmic
SE: skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, and hyper/hypothyroidism
Amiodarone (Class I - IV activity)
Outpatient management of SVT.
SE: gingival hyperplasia
Verapamil
What are the effects of Class I antiarrythmics on action potential duration?
Class IA: PROLONGS
Class IB: SHORTENS
Class IC: NO EFFECT
Acts on PCT, treatment of glaucoma and mountain sickness.
SE: NAGMA (Metabolic Acidosis), hepatic encephalopathy
Acetazolamide (Diuretics)
Acts on TAL, treatment of Pulmonary edema, most efficacious diuretics.
SE: Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Calcium stones
Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, and ethacrynic acid
Diuretics
Acts on DCT, Given in renal calcium stones
SE: Hyperglycemia
HCTZ
Diuretics
Acts on CCD
SE: Gynecomastia, Hyperkalemia
Spinorolactone
Aldactone
(Diuretics)
Acts on PCT, DCT, and CCD. Treatment of rhabdomyolysis and increased ICP.
SE: Transient volume expansion
Mannitol
Diuretics
What are the adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
OHHH DANG!
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia Dehydration Allergy to Sulfa Nephritis Gout (hyperurecemia)
Adverse effects of Thiazide Diuretics?
Hyper GLUC Glycemia Lipidemia Uricemia Calcemia
Hypokalemia and natremia
Which drugs can cause gynecomastia?
Spinorolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Alcohol, and Ketoconazole
Treatment for Class 1A overdose?
Sodium Lactate - for arrythmias
Pressor Sympathomimetics - drug induced hypotension
Amiodarone toxicity:
Pulmonary fibrosis Paresthesia Tremors Thyroid dysfunction Corneal deposits Skin deposits
HAGMA
MUDPILES
Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Isoniazid, Iron Lactic Acid Ethanol, Ethylene glycol Salicylates
NAGMA
HARD UP
Hyperalimentation Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureteral diversion Pancreatic fistula
