General Anesthetics Flashcards
General anesthetic
highest MAC (lowest potency)
SE: Euphoria
Nitrous oxide
General anesthetic:
facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition, block NMDA and ACh-N receptor.
SE: pulmonary irritant
Desflurane
General anesthetic
facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition, block NMDA and Ach-N receptor
SE: post-operative hepatitis, malignant hyperthermia
Halothane
General anesthetic
lowest MAC (highest potency) slowest induction and recovery
SE: Renal insufficiency
Methoxyflurane
General anesthetic
dissociative anesthesia, and also an NMDA receptor blocker
SE: emergence delirium
Ketamine
General Anesthesia
For patient with limited cardiopulmonary reserve
SE: adrenal suppression
Etomidate
General anesthetic
prolonged sedation, “milk of amnesia”
SE: hypotension
Propofol
How will you distinguish whether local anesthetics are esters or amides?
ESTERS — only 1 “i” in their names
(Tetracaine, Procaine, Benzocaine)
AMIDES — 2 “i” in their names
(Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Lidocaine)
Which local anesthetics have the shortest half-lives?
Procaine (1-2 mins)
Which local anesthetic has the longest half-life?
Ropivacaine (4.2 hours)
Why should we not inject Lidocaine into abscesses?
Because it won’t work due to acidic environment
*below pKa = protonated from predominates, so it can’t penetrate tissues
What is the toxic dose of Lidocaine?
Lidocaine Toxic Dose = 5mg/kg
for any drug or solution, 1% = 10mg/ml
