Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs Flashcards
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY:
Treatment of genetic short stature, failure to thrive
Somatropin
Treatment of acromegaly, variceal bleeding
Somatostatin — Ocreotide
Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs
Treatment of hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma
Bromocriptine
Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs
Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs
for Labor induction / augmentation
control of postpartum hemorrhage
Milk LETDOWN
SE: fluid retention
Oxytocin
Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs
treatment of central diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin/ ADH
*nephrogenic: thiazides
Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs used for Nephrogenic DI
Thiazides
Thyroid drug
treatment of hypothyroidism and myxedema coma
Levothyroxine
Thyroid drug
inhibits thyroid peroxidase
blocks peripheral conversion of T4 - T3
DOC in pregnant hyperthyroid patients
SE: agranulocytosis and hepatitis(prolonged used)
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Thyroid drug
inhibits thyroid peroxidase
SE: agranulocytosis, teratogen (aplastic crisis)
Methimazole
Preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism
SE: permanent hypothyroidism
RAI
Thyroid drug:
reduces size and vascularity of thyroid gland
SSKI
Lugol’s solution
Symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism
decreases peripheral conversion of T4 - T3
Propranolol
Differentiate Wolf-Chaikoff effect from Jos-basedow phenomenon.
Wolf-Chaikoff effect: ingestion of iodine causes HYPOthyroidism
Jod-Basedow phenomenon: ingestion of iodine causes HYPERthyroidism
Which antithyroid drug inhibit PERIPHERAL conversion of T4 - T3?
PTU
Propranolol
Hydrocortisone
What drugs can cause drug-induced hyperthyroidism?
CAM magka hyperthy ka!
Clonifibrate
Amiodarone
Methadone
Corticosteroid
Used for acute adrenal insufficiency, status asthmaticus, and thyroid storm
Hydrocortisone
Prototype oral glucocorticoid
SE: adrenal suppression
Cushing syndrome
Prednisone
Corticosteroid that hastens fetal lung maturation
Betamethasone/ Dexa
Corticosteroid
used as mineralocorticoid replacement for chronic adrenal insufficiency
Addison disease
Fludrocortisone
Female Gonadal hormone
most frequently used as synthetic estrogen in OCPs
SE: hypertension, DVT/PE, endometrial Ca
Contraindication: women (age >35) who are heavy smokers
Ethinyl Estradiol
Female Gonadal hormone
SE: clear cell vaginal adenoCa in daughther
DES
Female Gonadal hormone that prevents estrogen-induced endometrial Ca
SE: weight gain
Norgestrel
Progesterone
Female Gonadal hormone
OCP of choice in lactating women, amenorrhea
Depo-Provera
DMPA
Female Gonadal hormone used in Hormone-responsive breast Ca (ER +)
SE: endometrial Ca
Tamoxifen
Female Gonadal hormone used in ovulation induction
SE: multiple pregnancies and low grade ovarian Ca
Clomiphene
Female Gonadal hormone used as treatment of endometriosis
Danazole
Female Gonadal hormone used in medical abortion
Mifepristone
Male gonadal hormone
treatment of male hypogonadism
SE: virilization and paradoxical feminization
Testosterone
Male gonadal hormone
Used as anabolic steroids and illegal performance enhancer
Oxandrolone
Male gonadal hormone
treatment of prostate cancer
Co-administered to prevent acute flare-ups of tumor
Flutamide (testoterone antagonist) + Leuprolide (GnrH agonist)
Male gonadal hormone
5-a reductase inhibitor
treatment of BPH and male pattern blindness
Finasteride
ANTI-DM:
Most efficacious anti-diabetic drug
activates tyrosine kinase
SE: hypoglycemia and lipodystrophy
Insulin
ANTI-DM:
1st generation Sulfonylurea
Closing ATP sensitive K channel — increasing insulin secretion
SE: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram reaction, hyperemic flush
Chlorpropamide
Tolbutaminide
Tolazamide
ANTI-DM:
2nd generation Sulfonylurea
Depolarization of beta cell
SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, Disulfiram reaction
Cholestatic jaundice(glibenclamide)
Glipizide Glyburide Glimepiride Gliclazide Glibenclamide
ANTI-DM:
Newer insulin secretagogue
NO hypoglycemia
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide
ANTI-DM:
First line anti-diabetic drug
Inhibit renal and liver gluconeogenesis/ endogenous glucose production
Stimulates glucose uptake and glycolysis in peripheral tissues
SE: lactic acidosis, weight loss, GI upset, vitamin B12 malabsorption
DOC for obese diabetic
Metformin
ANTI-DM:
TZD
acts on PPAR-y
insulin sensitizer
SE: CHF and bladder cancer
CI: pregnancy, CLD and CHF
Thiazolidinedione
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
- Troglitazone
ANTI-DM:
a-glucosidase inhibitor
SE: flatulence and diarrhea
Acarbose
Miglitol
Voglibose
Anti-diabetic agent
DPP4 Inhibitor that degrades GLP-1 amd other incretin — raises circulating GLP1
SE: pancreatitis and nasopharyngitis
Sitagliptin
Anti-diabetic agent
Incretin modulator
GLP-1 Analogue
Produces satiety
SE: weight loss and hypoglycemia
Exenatide
Liraglutide
Albiglutide
Dulaglutide
Why is there paradoxical improvement of diabetes in patients with ESRD?
Insulin has prolonged half-life due to decreased clearance
Which patients are more prone to developing hypoglycemia with insulin use?
PRONE TO HYPOGLYCEMIA
Advance renal disease
Elderly
Children younger than 7 years
DRUG FOR BONE MET:
Inactive vitamin D
treatment of rickets and oateomalacia
Ergocalciferol
cholecalciferol
DRUG FOR BONE MET:
Activate Vitamin D
treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Calcitriol
1, 25
DRUG FOR BONE MET:
Treatment of Paget’s disease of bone and hypercalcemia
Used for tumor marker for medullary thyroid Ca
Calcitonin
DRUG FOR BONE MET:
Suppresses osteoclastic activity
treatment of Paget’s disease of bone and osteoporosis
SE: esophagitis
Alendronate
Class: Bisphosphate
DRUG FOR BONE MET:
Phosphate-binding resin
Sevelamer
ANTI-DM:
Rapid acting insulin
LISPRO
LISpro = mabiLIS
ANTI-DM:
Ultra long acting insulin
LANTus = LANTa na sa sobrang tagal!
gLARGine = Go LARGe
