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Mark's PEARLS > Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs > Flashcards

Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY:

Treatment of genetic short stature, failure to thrive

A

Somatropin

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2
Q

Treatment of acromegaly, variceal bleeding

A

Somatostatin — Ocreotide

Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs

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3
Q

Treatment of hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine

Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs

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4
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs

for Labor induction / augmentation
control of postpartum hemorrhage
Milk LETDOWN

SE: fluid retention

A

Oxytocin

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5
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs

treatment of central diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin/ ADH

*nephrogenic: thiazides

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6
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary drugs used for Nephrogenic DI

A

Thiazides

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7
Q

Thyroid drug

treatment of hypothyroidism and myxedema coma

A

Levothyroxine

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8
Q

Thyroid drug

inhibits thyroid peroxidase
blocks peripheral conversion of T4 - T3
DOC in pregnant hyperthyroid patients

SE: agranulocytosis and hepatitis(prolonged used)

A

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

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9
Q

Thyroid drug

inhibits thyroid peroxidase

SE: agranulocytosis, teratogen (aplastic crisis)

A

Methimazole

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10
Q

Preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism

SE: permanent hypothyroidism

A

RAI

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11
Q

Thyroid drug:

reduces size and vascularity of thyroid gland

A

SSKI

Lugol’s solution

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12
Q

Symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism

decreases peripheral conversion of T4 - T3

A

Propranolol

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13
Q

Differentiate Wolf-Chaikoff effect from Jos-basedow phenomenon.

A

Wolf-Chaikoff effect: ingestion of iodine causes HYPOthyroidism

Jod-Basedow phenomenon: ingestion of iodine causes HYPERthyroidism

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14
Q

Which antithyroid drug inhibit PERIPHERAL conversion of T4 - T3?

A

PTU
Propranolol
Hydrocortisone

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15
Q

What drugs can cause drug-induced hyperthyroidism?

A

CAM magka hyperthy ka!

Clonifibrate
Amiodarone
Methadone

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16
Q

Corticosteroid

Used for acute adrenal insufficiency, status asthmaticus, and thyroid storm

A

Hydrocortisone

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17
Q

Prototype oral glucocorticoid
SE: adrenal suppression
Cushing syndrome

A

Prednisone

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18
Q

Corticosteroid that hastens fetal lung maturation

A

Betamethasone/ Dexa

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19
Q

Corticosteroid

used as mineralocorticoid replacement for chronic adrenal insufficiency
Addison disease

A

Fludrocortisone

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20
Q

Female Gonadal hormone

most frequently used as synthetic estrogen in OCPs

SE: hypertension, DVT/PE, endometrial Ca
Contraindication: women (age >35) who are heavy smokers

A

Ethinyl Estradiol

21
Q

Female Gonadal hormone

SE: clear cell vaginal adenoCa in daughther

A

DES

22
Q

Female Gonadal hormone that prevents estrogen-induced endometrial Ca

SE: weight gain

A

Norgestrel

Progesterone

23
Q

Female Gonadal hormone

OCP of choice in lactating women, amenorrhea

A

Depo-Provera

DMPA

24
Q

Female Gonadal hormone used in Hormone-responsive breast Ca (ER +)

SE: endometrial Ca

A

Tamoxifen

25
Q

Female Gonadal hormone used in ovulation induction

SE: multiple pregnancies and low grade ovarian Ca

A

Clomiphene

26
Q

Female Gonadal hormone used as treatment of endometriosis

A

Danazole

27
Q

Female Gonadal hormone used in medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

28
Q

Male gonadal hormone

treatment of male hypogonadism

SE: virilization and paradoxical feminization

A

Testosterone

29
Q

Male gonadal hormone

Used as anabolic steroids and illegal performance enhancer

A

Oxandrolone

30
Q

Male gonadal hormone

treatment of prostate cancer
Co-administered to prevent acute flare-ups of tumor

A

Flutamide (testoterone antagonist) + Leuprolide (GnrH agonist)

31
Q

Male gonadal hormone

5-a reductase inhibitor
treatment of BPH and male pattern blindness

A

Finasteride

32
Q

ANTI-DM:

Most efficacious anti-diabetic drug
activates tyrosine kinase

SE: hypoglycemia and lipodystrophy

A

Insulin

33
Q

ANTI-DM:

1st generation Sulfonylurea
Closing ATP sensitive K channel — increasing insulin secretion

SE: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, disulfiram reaction, hyperemic flush

A

Chlorpropamide
Tolbutaminide
Tolazamide

34
Q

ANTI-DM:

2nd generation Sulfonylurea
Depolarization of beta cell

SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, Disulfiram reaction

Cholestatic jaundice(glibenclamide)

A 
Glipizide
Glyburide
Glimepiride
Gliclazide
Glibenclamide
35
Q

ANTI-DM:

Newer insulin secretagogue
NO hypoglycemia

A

Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide

36
Q

ANTI-DM:

First line anti-diabetic drug
Inhibit renal and liver gluconeogenesis/ endogenous glucose production
Stimulates glucose uptake and glycolysis in peripheral tissues

SE: lactic acidosis, weight loss, GI upset, vitamin B12 malabsorption

DOC for obese diabetic

A

Metformin

37
Q

ANTI-DM:

TZD
acts on PPAR-y
insulin sensitizer

SE: CHF and bladder cancer
CI: pregnancy, CLD and CHF

A

Thiazolidinedione

  • Pioglitazone
  • Rosiglitazone
  • Troglitazone
38
Q

ANTI-DM:

a-glucosidase inhibitor

SE: flatulence and diarrhea

A

Acarbose
Miglitol
Voglibose

39
Q

Anti-diabetic agent

DPP4 Inhibitor that degrades GLP-1 amd other incretin — raises circulating GLP1

SE: pancreatitis and nasopharyngitis

A

Sitagliptin

40
Q

Anti-diabetic agent

Incretin modulator
GLP-1 Analogue
Produces satiety

SE: weight loss and hypoglycemia

A

Exenatide
Liraglutide
Albiglutide
Dulaglutide

41
Q

Why is there paradoxical improvement of diabetes in patients with ESRD?

A

Insulin has prolonged half-life due to decreased clearance

42
Q

Which patients are more prone to developing hypoglycemia with insulin use?

A

PRONE TO HYPOGLYCEMIA

Advance renal disease
Elderly
Children younger than 7 years

43
Q

DRUG FOR BONE MET:

Inactive vitamin D
treatment of rickets and oateomalacia

A

Ergocalciferol

cholecalciferol

44
Q

DRUG FOR BONE MET:

Activate Vitamin D
treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Calcitriol

1, 25

45
Q

DRUG FOR BONE MET:

Treatment of Paget’s disease of bone and hypercalcemia
Used for tumor marker for medullary thyroid Ca

A

Calcitonin

46
Q

DRUG FOR BONE MET:

Suppresses osteoclastic activity
treatment of Paget’s disease of bone and osteoporosis

SE: esophagitis

A

Alendronate

Class: Bisphosphate

47
Q

DRUG FOR BONE MET:

Phosphate-binding resin

A

Sevelamer

48
Q

ANTI-DM:

Rapid acting insulin

A

LISPRO

LISpro = mabiLIS

49
Q

ANTI-DM:

Ultra long acting insulin

A

LANTus = LANTa na sa sobrang tagal!

gLARGine = Go LARGe

Mark's PEARLS (24 decks)

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