Healthcare test #3 Flashcards
What are the folds in the stomach called?
Rugae
What is the term used for the movement of food down the alimentary canal?
peristalsis
What is the medical term for swallowing?
Deglutition
The pathway that food travels from mouth to anus is called
the alimentary canal
What is the medical term for chewing called?
Mastification
What statements are true about fibre?
Prepares waste
You need 30g per day
Small intestines
Absorbs nutrients
Has villi
6.5m long
The large intestine
Is thicker than small intestines but not longer
Is also known as the colon
Absorbs water and prepares waste
The liver
Produces bile
Detoxifies food
Gall bladder
Stores bile
Breaks down fat using lipase
Releases excess bile that hardens into stones
Metabolism
The burning of calories
Can increase with weight training
Can increase by eating more often in small amounts
What mineral in hemoglobins responsible for carrying oxygen to cells
iron
What is true about the parotid gland?
It is one of the salivary glands
When it’s inflamed its called mumps
Which mineral is responsible for regulating blood pressure?
Sodium
The ANDI scale is used to
tell us the nutrient density of a food
The definition of taking in food is
Ingestion
The definition of eliminating food is
Egestion
HDL
Good for cholesterol that clears arteries and it has high density lipoprotein
Vitamin K
Promotes blood clotting, synthesis of protein
LDL
Bad cholesterol that clogs arteries, low density lipoprotein
Vitamin A
Helps with cell growth, skin, hair, tissues, and helps with vision
Vitamin E
Protects cells
Vitamin C
Helps resist infection, antioxidant
Vitamin D
Helps control infection
Reduce inflammation
Helps bones and teeth
Get from sunlight
Can be obtained from dairy products and eggs
Vitamin B
Building proteins, red blood cells, nerves,
improves metabolism
helps with vision
What is the role of the esophageal sphincter?
To prevent backflow of food from stomach to esophagus
What is the truth of the flap at the back of mouth?
To prevent food from entering trachea instead of esophagus, and it is the epiglottis
What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?
To prevent backflow of food from small intestines to stomach
What is the role of the uvula?
To prevent back flow of food in nasal cavity
Accessory organs
Helps breakdown food and eliminate toxins we consume
Healthy nutrition includes which of the following?
Eating variety of foods
avoiding processed foods
Eating many small healthy meals all day
Which of the following statements are true of macronutrients?
Protein, fat and carbohydrates are all examples
you need them in large amounts
Which statements are not true?
Antibiotics only enter our body when we take them when sick
Water does all of the following except
Dehydrates us
Which statements are not true about carbohydrates
You need 25-30% in your diet
They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
The teenage male requires how many calories?
2700-3100 calories per day
The hormone that regulates sugar in our cells is called
Insulin
Which of the following is true about the colon
Superior part across is transverse colon, it is called the large intestines
What is true about the stomach?
It contains gastric juice of hydrochloric acid and enzymes
What is true about the kidneys?
They create urine and remove waste
You can live with just one
What is true about the pancreas?
It is affected by diabetes
It produces insulin a hormone that regulates sugar
It is an accessory organ
What is the small organ on the right side of the body on the most inferior end of the large intestines?
Appendix
Which macronutrient do the foods consist mostly of?
Carbohydrates
Which macronutrient do the foods (meat and cheese) mostly consist of?
Fat and protein
What is not true about momentum?
Helps with the production of insulin
What is true about the liver?
It can stop working after abuse of toxins
its superior to the gallbladder
it can regenerate
What body type is skinny?
Ectomorph
What is not true about protein?
Pepsin breaks it down in the gallbladder,
about 35% of your diet should have protein
amylase breaks it down in the stomach
What is Not True about fat?
Polyunsaturated is the healthiest, 30% of your diet should be any kind of fat
Lipids break down what in the gallbladder?
fat
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Parotitis
Inflammation of one of the salivary glands
Chyme
Stomach contents and gastric juice
Crohn’s disease
Inflammation of the intestines
Gastric juice
Hydrochloric acid and enzymes
Heartburn
Stretching of esophagus
Hypoactivity
Low acid in stomach
Hyper activity
High acid in stomach
Flatulence
Excessive gas
Bolus
Food and saliva mixed in mouth
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Vitamins: organic (living things) substances that regulate body processes like digestion, metabolism, and absorption. There’s two types of vitamins:
water soluble: dissolves in water vitamins B (metabolism, vision, cell growth, building protein) C (fighting infections)
Fat soluble: stored in fat, not soluble
Vitamins A (skin, hair, tissue, cell growth), D (bone, teeth), E (protects red blood cells), K (blood clotting, protein synthesis)
Minerals: inorganic (non-living) substances that regulate vital body processes like:
- formation of bones and teeth (calcium, phosphate, and magnesium)
-production of red blood cells (iron and copper)
-maintain water balance ( sodium and potassium)
Sodium: maintains blood pressure, muscle/nerve function. Too much sodium can cause heart/blood pressure issues
Calcium: strengthens bones and teeth, blood clotting, nervous system
Iron: formation of hemoglobin which carries O2 to cells
Low: anemia
What is the difference between the two types of digestion? Be sure to include what they are and use specific examples in the body
Mechanical digestion: physical breakdown of food by making it into smaller pieces. This happens in the mouth, stomach. It happens in the mouth by (biting, chewing) and stomach (muscular churning)
Chemical digestion: turning food into particles so small that they can be absorbed by bloodstream. This happens in the mouth, stomach and intestines. This also involves enzymes and digestive juices. Enzymes are proteins that build up at the rate of biological reactions without being used as a reaction.
List and explain four health consequences obesity can cause in humans?
Cancer (uterine, kidney, stomach, colon, breast) because too much fat can cause hormones to grow, which can tell cells to divide too much, causing cancer
Infertility because excess weight can cause an impact on ovulation
Stroke because excess height can cause high blood pressure
Heart diseases because arteries can be blocked from fat
