First aid and dentistry Flashcards
CCC
Check
Call
Care
CPR
Cardio
Pulmonary
Resuscitation
Heart, lung, getting the person alive again
When not breathing
AR
Artificial respiration
AED
Automated external defibrillator
Heart has arethmia, the device tries to reset it. It would not send a shock when the heart is asystole or when the person is alive
CVA
WART
For shock, which can cause trauma, anaphylaxis, severe bleeding
WART is for the treatment of shock
Warmth
Airway
Rest
Treatment
Enamel
outer layer of tooth, hardest substance in body, harder than bone
Dentin
next layer that is softer than enamel but harder than pulp
Pulp
heart of the tooth, filled with nerves and blood vessels; toothache is from an inflamed pulp
Root
sits in the tooth socket, provides support for tooth
Cementum
hard substance that covers the root of tooth, gum covers it
Apex
tip of the root; tiny hole at apex allows nerves and blood vessels to enter tooth
Gums
(gingiva) tissue that surrounds the tooth; shouldn’t bleed when brush teeth; becomes inflamed= gingivitis
Anterior teeth
6 front teeth on top and bottom (4 incisors and 2 canines)
Posterior teeth
back five teeth on top and bottom (2 premolars and 3 molars)
Incisors
are the 4 front anterior teeth on the top and 4 on the bottom; sharp and thin-edged that help with shearing food like scissors (8 total)
Canines
(cuspids)- 4 pointy sharp anterior teeth (2 on top and 2 on bottom) used for tearing/ grasping food; strongest teeth with long strong roots (4 total)
Premolars
(bicuspids) sharp but flat posterior teeth; (4 on top, 4 on bottom) in front of molars, in adults only; used for chewing (8 total)
Molars
square, flat posterior teeth in the back of the mouth; used for grinding food like steak; 3 on each side, top and bottom (12 molars) 32 teeth total!
Dentition
the natural teeth in your mouth. 3 types:
1. primary dentition- (baby teeth) first set of teeth from birth until they start to fall out at age 6, until 12
2. mixed dentition- (both) mix of primary and permanent teeth; usually around age 6 when baby teeth are falling out and adult teeth are erupting
3. permanent dentition- (adult teeth) start to erupt at 6, except third molars and wisdom teeth erupt at 17-21
Board Certified
when a dentist is approved by the American Dental Society to practice a specialty (2 residencies and an exam)
Fluoride
chemical substance known to strengthen tooth enamel to avoid decay (found in toothpaste)
Endentulous
without teeth
Autoclave
equipment used to sterilize dental instruments with super high pressure steam
Halitosis
bad breath
Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
Trench mouth
acute painful infection of gums with bad odor and bleeding; noncontagious
TMD
temporal mandibular disorder; tender, swelling, clicking of jaw
Impacted tooth
tooth blocked by adjacent tooth preventing it from erupting through gums
Canker sore
ulcer in mouth/lips; viral infection
Plaque-
sticky,transparent film on teeth from food
Calculus(tartar)
plaque left on teeth, untreated
Gingivoplasty
reshaping the gums
Gingivectomy
removal of the gums
Dental expander
widens the palate to allow adult teeth more room to grow
Onlay
large filling when part of tooth is decayed
Braces
bands, wires, ceramic to align/correct teeth
Dentals Prosthetics
false teeth
5 Types of Dental Prosthetics
1.Dental Crown- artificial top cemented on damaged tooth (posterior teeth usually)
2.Dental Bridge- prosthetic support teeth put in between two or more teeth
- Dentures- a set of artificial teeth
- Dental Implant- metal post that replaces the root portion of one missing tooth with an artificial tooth (crown) attached
- Dental Veneer- layer of material placed over front of anterior tooth (composite or porcelain)
Root canal
4 step process when inner pulp is damaged
sealants
substance added to biting tooth to prevent decay
Perio charting
periodontal probe used to measure depth between teeth and adjacent gums (larger # = disease)
curettage
periodontal procedure which involves scraping off plaque to bottom of damaged gum tissue (probe is a curette)
Root planning
(scaling) procedure of scraping off plaque below gum line or on root of tooth (probe used is a scaler)
splint
loose tooth is wired to solid tooth
Anesthesia
substance used to remove sensation/pain
1. General anesthesia- substance is inhaled as a gas; patient unconscious, long recovery time
2. Topical anesthesia- substance applied directly to gums or mouth for pain relief on immediate surface; mild infections
3. Local anesthesia- applied by injection to gums or mouth; patient alert
4. Neuroleptic anesthesia- substance applied intravenously, slight consciousness to unconscious; recovery time less
X-RAY
high frequency light or radiation which penetrates different substances at different rates and absorption to form a picture
1. Periapical X-ray- complete side views from root to crown of teeth;24 films
2. Bitewing X-ray- crowns and part of roots are seen for 2-3 adjacent teeth; patient bites down on surface
3. Panoramic X-ray- machine makes complete half circle from ear to ear; 2 dimensional pic of all teeth
4. Occlusal X-ray- large x-ray to show whole bite of upper and lower jaw
DENTAL FILLINGS
- Composite fillings- made from a resin and particles mixed; naturally white, very simple and common on front teeth usually; not as strong as metal ones
- Porcelain fillings- same material as china; made by hardening mold and baking at high temp; easy match color of teeth but brittle and hard to administer
- Gold fillings- long lasting but more complicated and expensive, many visits
- Silver (amalgam)- mix of silver and mercury and is soft to fit tooth then hardens; cheaper and easier and lasts
Endodontist
specializes on diseases of tooth pulp
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
specializes on surgery of the teeth and bones of jaw, jawbone or face
Orthodontist
specializes on correcting abnormally aligned or positioned teeth
Pediatric dentist
specializes on children’s teeth
Periodontist
specializes on gums (reshaping -gingivoplasty or removal-gingivectomy)
Prosthodontist
specializes in replacement of missing teeth by bridges (implants) and dentures
DENTAL HYGENIEST
performs routine cleanings. exams, xrays and sometimes non-surgical treatments
DENTAL ASSISTANT
patient care and administrative work;
less schooling and make less than hygienest
GENERAL DENTIST
diagnosing and treating disease and other procedures; refers to specialists
PERIODONTIST
dentist who specializes in evaluating and treating of gums and periodontal disease; performs surgical and non-surgical treatments
Periodontal Disease
It is a disease that affects the structures in the mouth that support the teeth and are around the teeth like gums
It’s sometimes called “gum disease”, but involves bone and other tissues too.
-disease is chronic (persists over time)
-treatment can limit damage
-“Silent disease”
CAUSES
Smoking
Poor oral hygiene (no brushing or flossing)
Diabetes (especially uncontrolled)
Stress, teeth grinding, or bite problems
Hormone changes (during pregnancy)
Weakened immune system
Having a close family member with disease
Taking certain medications
TREATMENT
Special dental cleanings, medications and surgery are some treatments
The sooner you’re treated, the better; can reverse some or all of damage without surgery
If more advanced, surgery is the answer
Maintenance after is important- upkeep, dental care, check ups
HOW DOES IT DEVELOP?
Disease starts when plaque turns into tartar and bacteria under the gumline, leading into infection
As body fights the infection, gums become inflammed, pockets form between tooth and gum, making plaque harder to remove
Bone damage occurs and can lead to tooth loss
3 STAGES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
- GINGIVITIS- mildest form, gums inflammed, red, and bleed when probed
- PERIODONTITIS- infection spreads to bone, ligaments break down, gums recede
-redness, swelling and bleeding worsen; pockets deepen, bone is destroyed and tooth loosens - ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS- pockets deepen even more and fill with pus; teeth are sensitive to hot and cold, hurt when brushed; teeth may have to be removed
