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grade 11 > healthcare exam > Flashcards

healthcare exam Flashcards

1
Q

Inversion

A

When the sole of the foot is turned inward

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2
Q

Eversion

A

When the sole of the foot is turned outward from the median of the body

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3
Q

Fibula

A

lateral leg bone, knee to ankle

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4
Q

Rotation

A

turning a bone on its longitudinal axis

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5
Q

Adduction

A

moving towards the midline

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5
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bringing the top of the foot to the lower leg

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5
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the midline

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6
Q

Phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

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7
Q

Plantar flexion

A

planting/pointing the foot

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7
Q

Patella

A

knee cap, sesamoid bone

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8
Q

Tibia

A

medial leg bone, knee to ankle

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9
Q

Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

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9
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of body

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9
Q

Humerus

A

upper arm, largest bone in upper body

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10
Q

Femur

A

upper leg bone, largest bone in the body

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11
Q

Clavicle

A

collar bone

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12
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

largest muscle in the body

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12
Q

Deltoid

A

muscle which attach from the scapula to the humerus, and act across the shoulder joint. It’s more lateral

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13
Q

Bicep

A

proximal part of ulna, with the head

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14
Q

Tricep

A

proximal part of humerus

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15
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

has two proximal heads, attached to medial and lateral epicondyles of the distant femur

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16
Q

Achilles

A

tendon that attaches calf muscle and soleus to heel

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16
Q

Quadriceps

A

upper leg muscle, extend at knee

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17
Q

Joint

A

2 bones come together

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18
Q

Tendon

A

tough, fibrous cords that connect muscle to bone

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18
Q

Ligament

A

tough, cord-like tissues that connect bone to bone

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18
Q

Fracture

A

break in the bone

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19
Q

Actin

A

protein, gives muscle striated look, During contraction actin and myosin overlap, the muscle becomes shorter and thicker. Myosin is located within myofibril. The actin slide over the myosin during contraction

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20
Q

Myosin

A

protein, gives muscle striated look, During contraction actin and myosin overlap, the muscle becomes shorter and thicker. Myosin is located within myofibril. The actin slide over the myosin during contraction

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21
Q

Posterior

A

Behind or back of your body

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22
Q

Anterior

A

In front of or front of your body

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23
Q

Superior

A

Above

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24
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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25
Q

Distal

A

Further from a specified region (point of attachment for limbs)

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26
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to some specified region (point of attachment for limbs)

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26
Q

Ingestion

A

The process of taking food into the body by the mouth

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27
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of solid waste (materials not absorbed by the body)

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27
Q

Deglutition

A

The act or process of swallowing

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28
Q

Peristalsis

A

contractions that moves food down

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28
Q

Lipase

A

digests fats in the gallbladder

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28
Q

Amylase

A

digests carbohydrates in the saliva of the mouth

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29
Q

Pepsin

A

digests protein in the stomach

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29
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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30
Q

Mastication

A

chewing of food

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31
Q

Metabolism

A

body’s process of breaking down food molecules for energy

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31
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach. Contains smooth muscle tissue that allows esophagus to relax and contract

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31
Q

Epiglottis

A

flap (valve) that prevents food from entering the trachea

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32
Q

Calcium

A

Strengthens bones and teeth, blood clotting, nervous system. Sources are Dairy, broccoli, tofu, salmon, yogurt, fruits and vegetables

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33
Q

Sodium

A

Maintains blood pressure, muscle/ nerve function
Too much=heart /blood pressure issues. Sources are table salt, condiments, meats, dairy, eggs, olives, pickles

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34
Q

Iron

A

Formation of hemoglobin which carries O2 to cells. Low=anemia.
Sources are meat, eggs, green veg, grains, nuts, legumes

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35
Q

Vitamin C

A

Water-Soluble (dissolves in water). Benefits: Fighting infection, antioxidants. Sources: Fruits, vegetables, dark green, orange.

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36
Q

Vitamin D

A

Fat-Soluble (stored in fat and not dissolvable). Benefits: Bones and teeth. Sources: Sunlight, dairy, eggs, salmon

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37
Q

Vitamin A

A

Fat-Soluble (stored in fat and not dissolvable).
Benefits: Skin, hair, tissue
Cell growth.
Sources: Vegetables, cheese, eggs

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38
Q

Calorie

A

measurement of energy used by food companies.
Teenage Male need 2700-3100 cal/day.
Teenage Female need 1700-2100 cal/day

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38
Q

Nutrient

A

chemical substances in food that your body needs for energy, growth and repair of tissues and regulation of bodily functions

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39
Q

Macronutrient

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fats

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39
Q

Inorganic

A

non-living. substances that also regulate vital body processes like: formation of bones and teeth (calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), production of red blood cells (iron and copper), maintain water balance (sodium and potassium)

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40
Q

Organic

A

from living things, substances that regulate vital body processes like digestion, absorption, and metabolism. 2 types of Vitamins: Water-Soluble (dissolves in water) Vitamin B, C, and Fat-Soluble (stored in fat and not dissolvable) Vitamin A, D, E, K

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41
Q

Water

A

carries other nutrients to cells, transports waste from cells, lubricates joints and mucous membranes, regulates body temperature (through perspiration), helps with swallowing and digesting food, keeps the body hydrated for functioning, good for hair, skin and complexion

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42
Q

Soluble

A

dissolves

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43
Q

cardiac valves

A

Aortic valve: prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta

Mitral valve: prevents backflow of blood from the left aorta to the left ventricle

Pulmonary valve: prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Tricuspid valve: prevents backflow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

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43
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

valve between the stomach and small intestine

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43
Q

Mumps

A

parotitis, A viral infection that causes the salivary glands, especially the parotid gland, to swell.

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44
Q

Fiber

A

a type of carbohydrate that your body can’t digest. It is a macronutrient found naturally in plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Fiber is not digestible by human enzymes, so it passes through the digestive system largely undigested until it reaches the colon or large intestine, where it is fermented by gut bacteria.

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44
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammatory disease in the intestines, usually producing ulcers

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45
Q

Ectomorph

A

slim figure

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45
Q

Endomorph

A

larger, more round shape

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46
Q

Mesomorph

A

muscular frame, medium build

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46
Q

Vitamins

A

organic (from living things) substances that regulate vital body processes like digestion, absorption, and metabolism

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47
Q

Minerals

A

inorganic (non-living) substances that also regulate vital body processes like: formation of bones and teeth (calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), production of red blood cells (iron and copper), maintain water balance (sodium and potassium)

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47
Q

Chyme

A

contents in the stomach mixed with gastric juice (enzymes and hydrochloric acid)

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48
Q

Micronutrients

A

vitamins, minerals, water

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48
Q

Fat Soluble

A

stored in fat and not dissolvable. Vitamin A, D, E, K

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48
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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49
Q

Lactase

A

milk enzyme

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50
Q

Hemophobic

A

abnormal fear of blood

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51
Q

Encephalogram

A

x-ray of brain

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51
Q

Arthritis

A

joint inflammation

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52
Q

Carcinogen

A

producing cancer

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52
Q

Psychology

A

study of the mind

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52
Q

Vasodilation

A

widening of vessels

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53
Q

Histogram

A

x-ray of tissue

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53
Q

Hysterectomy

A

removal of uterus

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53
Q

Neurologist

A

someone who specializes in nerve studies

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53
Q

Neonatal

A

new birth

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54
Q

Malnutrition

A

bad diet

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54
Q

Photograph

A

instrument to record light

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54
Q

Anesthesia

A

temporary memory loss

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54
Q

Premenstrual

A

before woman cycle

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54
Q

electrocardiograph (ECG)

A

instrument used to record electricity of heart

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55
Q

Microorganism

A

small living thing

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55
Q

Physiology

A

study of function of living things

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55
Q

retrograde motion

A

orbital motion of a spatial body in a direction that is opposite of what is normal in a given system

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55
Q

Photosynthesis

A

biological process of turning light energy into chemical energy

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55
Q

Trimester

A

3 months

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55
Q

Thermo-electric

A

heat into electrical energy

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55
Q

Leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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55
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

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55
Q

Hematoma

A

blood outside blood vessels

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56
Q

Intercellular

A

between cells

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56
Q

Intracellular

A

inside cells

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56
Q

Osteoma

A

benign tumor of bone

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56
Q

Microcyte

A

small cell

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56
Q

Atherectomy

A

procedure to remove plaque from an artery (blood vessel) and restore blood flow to the heart

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56
Q

periodontal disease

A

disease of inflammation outside of gums

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56
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

over Production of thyroid hormone

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56
Q

Iridology

A

study of iris of eyes

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56
Q

Macrobiotics

A

big living things

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56
Q

asymptomatic

A

no symptoms shown

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56
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of gallbladder

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57
Q

electromyograph (EMG)

A

instrument recording electricity of skeletal muscles

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57
Q

Neuralgia

A

pain in nerves

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57
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

water treatment

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57
Q

electrodermal response (EDR)

A

The electrodermal response (EDR) is a physiological phenomenon that measures the changes in the electrical properties of the skin in response to various stimuli

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57
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that many women experience in the days leading up to their menstrual period

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57
Q

Psychosomatic

A

social, psychological, behavioral factors on bodily processes and quality of life in humans and animals

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57
Q

Psychodynamic

A

revealing the unconscious content of a client’s psyche in an effort to alleviate psychic tension

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57
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the sinuses

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57
Q

Triglycerides

A

fat in the blood

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57
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein clotting

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57
Q

Biology

A

study of living organisms

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57
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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57
Q

Hyperthermia

A

disease from too much heat

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58
Q

Abdominohysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus via an incision made in the abdominal wall rather than via the vagina

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58
Q

Psychology

A

study of the mind

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58
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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58
Q

Postpartum

A

after birth

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58
Q

Gynecologist

A

specializes in the health of the female organs

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58
Q

Mammogram

A

x-ray of the breast that uses low doses of radiation

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58
Q

Biopsy

A

procedure to remove cells, tissue or fluid

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58
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal growth

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58
Q

Apnea

A

breathing stops and starts repeatedly during sleep

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58
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Paired muscle of the neck that traverses the neck. Under ear and from ear to the collar bone

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58
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

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58
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation around the heart

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59
Q

Euphoria

A

good feelings

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59
Q

Antacid

A

neutralizes stomach acidity, used to relieve heartburn

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59
Q

Post-mortem

A

autopsy, viewing of body after death

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59
Q

Ileostomy

A

redirects the small intestine through an opening in the abdomen (belly)

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59
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of the embryo outside the uterine cavity

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59
Q

Epilepsy

A

neurological disease causing seizures

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59
Q

Hemophiliac

A

blood loving

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59
Q

Hypertrophy

A

muscle fibers do not fully develop to their normal size, resulting in small fibers that have not matured properly

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59
Q

Dysuria

A

sensation of pain and/or burning, stinging, or itching of the urethra or urethral meatus associated with urination

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59
Q

Thermometer

A

Device that measures temperature or a temperature

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59
Q

Vasectomy

A

removal of vasa

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59
Q

Neuropathy

A

nerves that carry messages between your brain and spinal cord get damaged

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59
Q

List the 5 types of shapes of bones and give one example of each.

A

LONG BONES- humerus, femur, phalanges, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia, metacarpals, metatarsals, clavicle

SHORT BONES- carpals, tarsals

FLAT BONES- scapula, cranium, ribs, ilium, sternum

IRREGULAR BONES- all vertebrae (coccyx, sacrum), face (zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal)

SESAMOID BONES- patella

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59
Q

What are the 2 goals of nutritional fitness?

A

To maintain a balance of the 3 food groups

To maintain a balance of the 3 macronutrients and 3 micronutrients

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59
Q

What are the 5 main functions of bones?

A

Provide rigid support and structure for body

Protect brain and vital organs

Crucial to locomotion as they provide sites of attachment for muscles

Provide a reservoir for minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium.

Produce and store blood cells

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59
Q

What are the 3 causes of fractures?

A

Osteoporosis
Aging
Injury

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59
Q

Name the 3 types of muscles, where they are found, as well as whether they are voluntary or involuntary

A

Skeletal Muscle- Attached to skeleton, Voluntary control, fibers are Elongated, cylindrical, blunt ends, Striations Present, most rapid speed of contraction, least likely ability to remain contracted

Smooth Muscle- Walls of all organs eg. stomach, intestines, etc., Involuntary control, fibers are Elongated, spindle-shaped, pointed ends, Striations absent, slowest speed of contraction, greatest ability to remain contracted

Cardiac Muscle- Walls of heart, Involuntary control, fibers are Elongated, cylindrical fibers that branch, striations are Present, intermediate speed of contraction and ability to remain contracted

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59
Q

Name the 6 types of nutrients needed in your diet, and state whether they are macronutrients or micronutrients

A

Carbohydrates, macronutrient
Protein, macronutrient
Fats, macronutrient
Vitamins, micronutrient
Minerals, micronutrient
Water, micronutrient

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59
Q

Name 3 types of joints

A

garments are tough, cord-like tissues that connect bone to bone.

Tendons are tough, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones.

Muscles are bundles of specialized cells that contract to produce movement when stimulated by nerves.

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59
Q

Give 3 reasons why people should not try certain diets

A

They don’t have balance in nutrients, meaning people may get too much of nutrients than others

Can cause symptoms of other things that aren’t the goal, causing more problems

Body needs foods to be different, and not the same thing every time

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59
Q

The amount of food a person should consume daily, depends on 4 factors. What are they?

A

AGE- the older you get, the less food you need (metabolism slows down)

SEX- males are larger and have a higher metabolism, so need to eat more

ACTIVITY LEVEL- the more active you are, the more calories you need

HEALTH CONDITIONS/ PREGNANCY calorie amount and type of diet will vary eg. Diabetes, IBD, Crohn’s

Height and weight- more needs more

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59
Q

Name the 3 blood vessels of the cardiovascular system and explain the difference between them

A

Arteries
Elastic blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
Artery expands with surge of blood during contraction of ventricles, then snaps back during relaxation of ventricles
Under a great amount of pressure
Have thicker walls to withstand pressure; will spurt when cut
Can vary in size

Veins
Elastic blood vessels that carry blood TOWARD the heart
Can’t contract to help move blood back to heart
Have one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backward
Blood is at a lower pressure
Thinner wall than arteries
Can vary in size

Capillaries
Extremely small blood vessels located within the tissues of the body
Fine network
Transports blood from arteries to veins
Exchange O2 with CO2 and nutrients with waste
Thin walled
Allow substances to diffuse between the blood and other body fluids and tissues

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59
Q

Name the 4 major valves of the heart and explain the difference between them

A

2 Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
1.Tricuspid valve (3 flaps)- between the right atrium and right ventricle
2. Bicuspid valve (2 flaps and called mitral valve) between the left atrium and left ventricle

2 Semilunar valves
Pulmonary valve- between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Aortic valve -between the left ventricle and the aorta

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60
Q

What are the two main roles of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transportation of nutrients to the organs of body
Regulation of body temperature, pH, and waste products

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60
Q

Mrs. T went to see a pathologist, regarding the dermatoma she found on her arm. She was then sent to an oncologist for more testing. She was told that she doesn’t have enough antioxidants in her diet. She has to get chemotherapy for her cancer. By defining the underlined words, explain what is happening in this case study.

A

She went to see a pathologist, who examines bodies and body tissues by testing and using the lab.

She went to see a pathologist because of the dermatoma on her arm, which is the area of skin that is mainly supplied by afferent nerve fibers.

She was to sent to see an oncologist, who is a doctor who specialize in diagnosing and treating types of cancer

She doesn’t have enough antioxidants in her diet, which are natural molecules that help neutralize harmful free radicals in our bodies

She has to get chemotherapy, which is drug therapy against cancer, which is abnormal growth of cancer cells

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60
Q

Study of movement

A

Kinesiology

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60
Q

Poorly nourished

A

malnutrition

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60
Q

Person who studies the nerves

A

neurologist

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60
Q

Inflammation of the skin

A

dermatitis

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60
Q

Removal of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

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60
Q

Cancerous tumor

A

malignant

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60
Q

Incision of a joint

A

arthrotomy

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60
Q

Study of cells

A

cytology

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60
Q

A recording of tissue

A

histogram

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60
Q

Inflammation of a joint

A

arthritis

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60
Q

Good feeling

A

euphoria

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60
Q

A slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

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60
Q

Inflammation around the heart

A

pericarditis

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61
Q

Person who studies female body

A

gynecologist

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61
Q

Not breathing

A

apnea

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61
Q

Study of living things

A

biology

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61
Q

Disease of the nerves

A

neuropathy

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61
Q

Instrument used to measure heat

A

thermometer

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61
Q

X-ray of the breast

A

mammogram

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61
Q

Tumor in the blood

A

hemo sarcoma

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61
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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61
Q

Nerve pain

A

Neuralgia

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61
Q

Treatment with use of water

A

Hydrotherapy

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61
Q

Study of the mind

A

psychology

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61
Q

Removal of a gland

A

Adrenalectomy

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61
Q

ectopia

A

displacement

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61
Q

persia

A

Digestion

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61
Q

sclerosis

A

hardening

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62
Q

ptosis

A

Falling/displacement downward

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62
Q

esthesia

A

sensation

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62
Q

Algia

A

Pain

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62
Q

phobia

A

fear

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62
Q

ostomy

A

creating an opening

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62
Q

otomy

A

creating an incision

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62
Q

stenosis

A

Narrowing

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62
Q

Thrombo

A

Clot

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62
Q

Capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels which line the alveoli

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62
Q

Tachypnea

A

high, fast respirations

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62
Q

Cilia

A

hair-like structures, trap bacteria and dirt

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63
Q

Hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen in body tissue

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63
Q

Alveoli

A

sacs used for air exchange

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63
Q

Bronchi

A

2 main tubes that branch off trachea

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63
Q

Apnea

A

absence of breathing

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63
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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63
Q

Lungs

A

2 cone shaped organs used in breathing/respiration

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63
Q

Bronchioles

A

tiny tubules leading from bronchi into lungs

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64
Q

Diaphragm

A

pulls up and down, expanding size of chest cavity

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64
Q

Bradypnea

A

shallow respirations

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64
Q

Orthopnea

A

person must sit or stand to breath

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64
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discolouration of the skin, lips, nails

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64
Q

Rate

A

single cycle of respiration

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64
Q

Hypoventilation

A

less than 10 respirations per minute

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64
Q

Hyperventilation

A

respiratory rate greater than 24 per minute

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64
Q

Tidal volume

A

amount of air moved in a normal respiration

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64
Q

Vital capacity

A

expiratory, inspiratory and tidal volumes

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65
Q

What is the difference between respiration and breathing

A

Breathing: is the mechanical process of pumping air into and out of the lungs

Respiration: is the chemical process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the outside air and the cells

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65
Q

List the 4 categories of medicine

A

prevent diseases
fights pathogens
Relieve pain
helps heart and regulate blood sugar

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65
Q

Name 3 of the 5 types of cardiovascular medicines available.

A

beta blockers- block the action of nerves that constrict blood vessels, slowing heart rate and lowering blood pressure.

Diuretics- increase urine production to reduce the amount of water and sodium in a person’s body.

Vasodilators- dilate the veins and arteries to increase blood and oxygen flow.

Antiarrhythmics- are used to treat arrhythmia (disturbances in the rhythm of the heart.

clot- lower high blood pressure and help prevent clots.

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65
Q

What is the difference between the common cold and bronchitis?

A

Common cold: inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract

Bronchitis: an acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial tree. Caused by bacterial infection or by irritants (such as smoke or chemicals) in the inhaled air

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65
Q

Describe any of the 2 types of dental anesthesia used, any 2 types of dental X-rays, and 2 types of fillings.

A

Aesthesia
1.General anesthesia- substance is inhaled as a gas; patient unconscious, long recovery time
2.Topical anesthesia- substance applied directly to gums or mouth for pain relief on immediate surface; mild infections
3.Local anesthesia- applied by injection to gums or mouth; patient alert
4.Neuroleptic anesthesia- substance applied intravenously, slight consciousness to unconscious; recovery time less

X-rays
1. Periapical X-ray- complete side views from root to crown of teeth;24 films
2. Bitewing X-ray- crowns and part of roots are seen for 2-3 adjacent teeth; patient bites down on surface
3. Panoramic X-ray- machine makes complete half circle from ear to ear; 2 dimensional pic of all teeth
4. Occlusal X-ray- large x-ray to show whole bite of upper and lower jaw

Fillings
1. Composite fillings- made from a resin and particles mixed; naturally white, very simple and common on front teeth usually; not as strong as metal ones
2. Porcelain fillings- same material as china; made by hardening mold and baking at high temp; easy match color of teeth but brittle and hard to administer
3. Gold fillings- long lasting but more complicated and expensive, many visits
4. Silver (amalgam)- mix of silver and mercury and is soft to fit tooth then hardens; cheaper and easier and lasts

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65
Q

Endodontist

A

specializes in diseases of tooth pulp

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65
Q

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

A

specializes on surgery of the teeth and bones of jaw, jawbone or face

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66
Q

Orthodontist

A

specializes on correcting abnormally aligned or positioned teeth

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66
Q

Pediatric Dentist

A

specializes on children’s teeth

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66
Q

Periodontist

A

specializes on gums (reshaping -gingivoplasty or removal-gingivectomy)

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66
Q

Prosthodontist

A

specializes in replacement of missing teeth by bridges (implants) and dentures

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66
Q

Halitosis

A

bad breath

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67
Q

TMD

A

temporomandibular disorder; tender, swelling, clicking of jaw

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67
Q

Trench Mouth

A

acute painful infection of gums with bad odor and bleeding; non contagious

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67
Q

Canker Sore

A

ulcer in mouth/lips; viral infection

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68
Q

Impacted Tooth

A

tooth blocked by adjacent tooth preventing it from erupting through gums

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68
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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68
Q

Crowns

A

Artificial “top” cemented on damaged tooth

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69
Q

Dentures

A

artificial teeth

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69
Q

Braces

A

Bands, wires, ceramic to align/correct teeth

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69
Q

Bridges

A

Support tooth in between 2 healthy teeth

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69
Q

Onlay

A

Large filling when part of a tooth is replaced

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69
Q

Root canal

A

4 step process when inner pulp is damaged

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69
Q

Fluoride

A

Chemical substance strengthens tooth enamel

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69
Q

Prosthetics

A

Dental implants

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69
Q

Sealants

A

Substance added to biting tooth to prevent decay

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70
Q

Splints

A

Loose tooth is wired to solid tooth

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70
Q

Board certifies

A

Dentist approved by American Dental Society

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70
Q

Autoclave

A

Equipment used to clean dental instruments

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70
Q

Enamel

A

outer layer of tooth

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70
Q

Dentin

A

layer of tooth after enamel

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70
Q

Cementum

A

hard substance that covers the root of tooth

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71
Q

pulp

A

heart of the tooth

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71
Q

Root

A

in tooth socket and provides support for tooth

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71
Q

Apex

A

tip of root

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71
Q

Gums

A

tissue that surrounds the tooth

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72
Q

Curettage

A

scraping off of plaque to bottom of gum tissue

72
Q

Gingivectomy

A

to remove gum tissue

72
Q

Gingivoplasty

A

to reshape the gums

72
Q

Epidemic

A

disease present at same time in people

72
Q

Endemic

A

disease continuously present in an area

72
Q

Incidence

A

occurrence of a disease

72
Q

Idiopathic

A

disorder without a known cause

72
Q

Antiseptic

A

chemical agent used to destroy bacteria

72
Q

Asepsis

A

no disease-causing organisms present

72
Q

Protozoology

A

study of one-celled animals

72
Q

Fungi

A

causes mycotic infections

73
Q

Etiology

A

study of the cause of a disorder

73
Q

Diagnosis

A

process of determining an illness

73
Q

Disinfectant

A

put on living things to prevent bacteria

73
Q

Microbiology

A

study of very small organisms

73
Q

Host

A

what microbe survives/feeds from

73
Q

sterilization

A

kills ALL living things (germs) on an object

73
Q

communicable

A

contagious, germs easily transferred

73
Q

Syndrome

A

Sign and symptoms that occur together

73
Q

Protozoa

A

one celled animal cell with no cell wall eg. amoeba, paramecium. have legs and tails and some are pathogenic parasites eg. Plasmodium causes a world wide debilitating disease called Malaria

73
Q

Bacteria

A

one celled microbe that can be harmful (pathogenic) or helpful in your immune system

73
Q

Virus

A

smallest microbe NOT alive like bacteria

73
Q

Aerobe

A

bacteria that needs oxygen to live

73
Q

Anaerobe

A

bacteria that doesn’t need oxygen to live Ex. tetanus & gangrene

73
Q

Vector

A

something that carries and spreads pathogens (caused by viruses or protozoa) eg. mosquito

73
Q

Chemotherapy

A

chemical treatment given to kill diseased cells

73
Q

Congenital

A

disease present at birth

73
Q

acute disorders

A

diseases/ illnesses of short duration but can still be deadly

73
Q

chronic disorders

A

diseases/ illnesses of long duration (or over time) and can be deadly

73
Q

auto-immune disease

A

Diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks other systems in the body, like it is attacking a germ

73
Q

Hyperplasia

A

an enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue

74
Q

Benign Tumors

A

More favorable outcome

Encapsulated, non-invasive

Remains at original site

Highly differentiated

Mitosis rare

Slow growth

74
Q

Malignant Tumors

A

Often fatal outcome

Non-encapsulated, invasive

May metastasize

Tendency to de-differentiate

Mitosis common

Fast growth

74
Q

Describe the part, structure, liquid, organs, and cells that make up the second line of defense of the immune system.

A

Second Line of Defense: Non-specific cells will work to fight the virus after detecting an invader.

  1. THE LYMPH SYSTEM
    This system contains lymph, which is a clearish liquid that bathes the cells with water and nutrients, and flows through the body in the capillaries. The lymph system detects and filters out bacteria.
    Different parts of your body have lymph nodes, which contain filtering tissue and lymph cells. When fighting bacterial infections, the lymph nodes swell with bacterial cells to indicate an infection.
  2. THE THYMUS
    This organ is in your chest, between your breast bone and heart.
    It produces T-cells, which bump into abnormal cells and kill them.
  3. THE SPLEEN
    Spleen filters the blood looking for foreign cells, and replaces old red blood cells. (It can be removed but you would get sick more often)
  4. BONE MARROW
    Marrow produces red blood cells, and also stem cells, which are cells that can branch off and become any type of cell. (like WBC’s)
  5. WHITE BLOOD CELLS
    Also called leukocytes, WBC are independent and move on their own to capture germs. They do not divide or reproduce on their own. There are many 3 classes of leukocytes, with different functions.
    Granulocytes (most), lymphocytes (B-cells/T-cells), monocytes (least and develop into macrophages)
74
Q

What is the radius in location to the ulna in the anatomical position?

A

lateral

74
Q

The skin is ______________ compared to the liver

A

superficial

74
Q

The gluteus maximus is ____________ to the ribs.

A

posterior

74
Q

When turning your palms face up to carry something, this movement is referred to

A

supination

74
Q

Bone tissue is called

A

osseous

74
Q

The main mineral found in bones is

A

calcium

74
Q

Muscles are mostly made up of

A

protein

74
Q

There are _______ bones in the body and about _______ muscles

A

206 and 650

74
Q

All of the following are ways to name muscles EXCEPT

A

amount of fibres

74
Q

When standing on the inside of your foot it is called

A

eversion

74
Q

Which types of cancer usually spread (metastasize) to the bones

A

lung, breast

74
Q

What is the proper order from superior to inferior of the vertebrae and the correct number for each?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

74
Q

What part of our face do we wear our masks?

A

anterior side, superior to nose and laterally on our ears

74
Q

Which statement(s) is true about actin and myosin?

A

They are muscle proteins

These proteins give the muscle a striated appearance

74
Q

What muscle is used for dorsi-flexion?

A

tibialis anterior

74
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of long bone

74
Q

ligament

A

attaches bone to bone

75
Q

tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone

75
Q

Bouchard nodes

A

found at the middle part of the finger from Rheumatoid arthritis

75
Q

Herberden nodes

A

found at the end part of the finger from Rheumatoid arthritis

75
Q

joint

A

where 2 bones unite

75
Q

diaphysis

A

middle shaft of long bone

75
Q

rotation

A

movement of a joint about it’s axis

75
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circular motion

75
Q

periosteum

A

outer membrane of bone

75
Q

endosteum

A

inner membrane of bone

75
Q

What is your cheek bone called?

A

zygomatic

75
Q

What is TRUE about the flexor-pronator muscles?

A

can turn palms face down

they are on the medial side of forearm

opposite movement of extensor-supinator

75
Q

ectopia

A

displacement of

75
Q

opsy

A

to view

75
Q

sclerosis

A

hardening

75
Q

ectomy

A

removal of

75
Q

esthesia

A

sensation

75
Q

algia

A

pain

75
Q

phobia

A

fear

75
Q

ostomy

A

creating an opening

75
Q

otomy

A

cutting into

75
Q

gen

A

producing

75
Q

path

A

disease

75
Q

emia

A

blood condition

75
Q

inter

A

in between

75
Q

hemo

A

blood

75
Q

intra

A

within

76
Q

fast breathing

A

tachypnea

76
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocyte

76
Q

instrument used to view the heart

A

cardiograph

76
Q

instrument used to view the head

A

cephalograph

76
Q

xray of the brain

A

encephalogram

76
Q

xray of the head

A

cephalogram

76
Q

slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

76
Q

red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

76
Q

myo

A

muscle

76
Q

myelin

A

marrow

76
Q

myc

A

fungi

76
Q

takes away sensation

A

anesthesia

76
Q

takes away pain

A

analgesic

76
Q

electrocardiograph (ECG)

A

Instrument used to view the heart using electricity

76
Q

osteoma

A

tumour of the bone

76
Q

Asymptomatic

A

without symptoms but can still carry disease

76
Q

cholecystectomy

A

One will remove a bile filled cyst or gallbladder

76
Q

Septicemia

A

when there is bacteria in your blood

76
Q

dermatologist

A

one who studies the skin

76
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

76
Q

The state of hypothermia pertains to

A

low temperature or heat

76
Q

abdominohysterectomy

A

the uterus is removed through the abdominal area

76
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal growth

76
Q

ileostomy

A

open up the ileum in the small intestine

76
Q

carcinogen

A

something that causes cancer

77
Q

neonatal

A

new birth

77
Q

Lactase

A

milk enzyme

77
Q

drooping kidney

A

nephroptosis

77
Q

Pertaining to an unknown disease

A

idiopathic

77
Q

Incision of a joint

A

arthrotomy

77
Q

Pertaining to large living things

A

macrobiotics

77
Q

A small cell

A

microcyte

77
Q

cranioschisis

A

split of the head or skull

77
Q

Pertaining to excessive sugar in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

77
Q

Instrument using electricity to take a picture of a muscle

A

electromyograph

77
Q

mastectomy

A

removal of breast

77
Q

psychosomatic

A

social, psychological, behavioral factors on bodily processes and quality of life in humans and animals

77
Q

Treatment with use of water

A

hydrotherapy

77
Q

Inflammation around the teeth

A

periodontitis

77
Q

A muscle with three heads

A

tricep

77
Q

Cell destruction

A

cytolysis

77
Q

Bluish appearance

A

cyanosis

77
Q

Inflammation of a vein from a clot

A

thrombophlebitis

77
Q

Swelling from fluid in the lungs

A

pulmonary edema

77
Q

cartilage cells

A

chondrocyte

77
Q

What is true about the term used for the movement of food down digestive tract?

A

it is called peristalsis
it starts in the esophagus
it is an example of mechanical digestion

77
Q

swallowing

A

it is called deglutition
it occurs after ingestion
peristalsis follows

77
Q

The pathway that food travels from mouth to anus is called

A

the alimentary canal

77
Q

What is the medical term for chewing called?

A

mastification

78
Q

fibre

A

prepares waste
you need 30 g per day

78
Q

large intestine

A

is thicker than small intestine but not longer
is also known as the colon
absorb water and prepare waste

78
Q

The small intestine

A

absorbs nutrients
has villi
is 6.5 m long

78
Q

liver

A

produces bile
detoxifies food
regenerates

78
Q

gall bladder

A

stores bile
break down fat using lipase
can release excess bile that hardens into stones

78
Q

Metabolism

A

the burning of calories
can increase with weight training
can increase by eating more often in small amounts

78
Q

Which mineral in hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen to cells

A

iron

78
Q

Which mineral is responsible for regulating blood pressure?

A

Sodium

78
Q

A healthy percentage of body fat for a female teenager is

A

15-25%

78
Q

The definition of taking in food is

A

ingestion

78
Q

The definition of eliminating food is

A

egestion

78
Q

HDL

A

good cholesterol that clears arteries
high density lipoprotein

78
Q

LDL

A

bad cholesterol that clogs arteries
low density lipoprotein

78
Q

Vitamin K

A

promotes blood clotting, synthesis of protein

78
Q

Vitamin A

A

helps with cell growth, skin, hair, tissues
helps with vision

78
Q

Vitamin E

A

protects cells

78
Q

Vitamin C

A

helps resist infection, antioxidant

78
Q

Vitamin D

A

helps control infection, reduce inflammation
helps bones and teeth
get from sunlight
can be obtained from dairy products and eggs

78
Q

Vitamin B

A

building proteins, red blood cells, nerves
improves metabolism
helps with vision

78
Q

What is the role of the esophageal sphincter?

A

to prevent back flow of food from stomach to esophagus

78
Q

What is true about the flap above the esophagus and trachea?

A

it prevents food from entering trachea instead of esophagus
it is the epiglottis

78
Q

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

A

to prevent back flow of food from small intestine to stomach

78
Q

What is the role of the uvula?

A

to prevent back flow of food in nasal cavity

78
Q

A healthy percentage of body fat for a male teenager is

A

10-20%

78
Q

Healthy nutrition includes which of the following?

A

eating a variety of foods
avoiding processed foods
eating many small healthy meals all day

78
Q

macronutrients

A

protein, fat and carbohydrates are all examples
you need them in larger amounts

79
Q

The hormone that helps regulate sugar in our cells is called

A

insulin

79
Q

What is the small organ on the right side of the body on the most inferior end of the large intestine?

A

appendix

79
Q

Which food groups examples have been eliminated or renamed from old food guide into the new food guide?

A

milk, cheese and yogurt
beef, pork and eggs

79
Q

stretching of esophagus

A

heartburn

79
Q

inflammation of the stomach & intestines

A

gastroenteritis

79
Q

inflammation of the mouth

A

stomatitis

79
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

79
Q

autoimmune disease of intestines

A

Chrohn’s disease

79
Q

low acid in stomach

A

hypoactivity

79
Q

high acid in stomach

A

hyperactivity

79
Q

inflammation of one of the salivary glands

A

parotitis

79
Q

excessive gas

A

flatulence

79
Q

stomach contents and gastric juice

A

chyme

79
Q

hydrochloric acid and enzymes

A

gastric juice

79
Q

food and saliva mixed in mouth

A

bolus

79
Q

How many pumps, chambers and valves are in the heart?

A

2, 4, 4

79
Q

The term “systolic” refers to

A

the louder stronger pulse sound
120 mmhg on average adult blood pressure reading
contraction of the ventricles

79
Q

Blood traveling from the heart to the lungs

A

leaves heart through pulmonary artery
goes through pulmonary valve
travelled from right ventricle

79
Q

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the cells?

A

left

79
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart are called

A

veins
vena cava

79
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart are

A

arteries
aorta

79
Q

What is the name/names of the heart muscle?

A

cardiac muscle
myocardium

79
Q

The term “renal” refers to blood vessels associated with the

A

kidneys

79
Q

The term “hepatic” refers to blood vessels associated with the

A

liver

79
Q

The term “diastolic” refers to

A

the bottom number on blood pressure reading

the point where pulse sound is faint

the “dub” part of heart beat

79
Q

The top two chambers of the heart are called

A

atria

79
Q

valves

A

prevent backflow of blood through the heart
them shutting are part of the sounds of your heart rate
veins have valves

79
Q

The main large blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from the bottom half of the body is the

A

inferior vena cava

79
Q

The longest vein in the body is the

A

saphenous vein

79
Q

erythrocytes

A

45% of blood

79
Q

leukocytes

A

1% of blood

80
Q

plasma

A

55% of blood

80
Q

platelets

A

clotting cells

80
Q

embolism

A

blockage anywhere in body

80
Q

pericardium

A

outer layer of heart

80
Q

myocardium

A

where heart muscle is located

80
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

80
Q

infarct

A

blockage in the heart

80
Q

ischemia

A

blockage in brain

80
Q

pulmonary

A

lungs

80
Q

The blood vessel that supplies the heart with oxygen is

A

coronary artery

80
Q

The average resting heart rate for an adult is

A

60-80 beats per min

80
Q

Which statement(s) is NOT true about the heart

A

The heart muscle can regenerate
you should not try to reach your target heart rate

80
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the body organs enters the

A

right atrium though the vena cava

80
Q

cytometer

A

instrument to count blood cells

80
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

instrument for blood pressure

80
Q

radial artery

A

wrist pulse

80
Q

carotid artery

A

neck pulse

80
Q

thrombo

A

clot

80
Q

electrocardiograph

A

instrument to measure heart

80
Q

pacemaker

A

stabilizes heart rate

81
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate

81
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally fast heart rate

81
Q

brachial artery

A

where blood pressure cuff goes on

81
Q

median cubutal vein

A

where blood is taken from

81
Q

The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is called the

A

pulmonary valve

81
Q

The only vein that transports oxygen-rich blood is the

A

pulmonary vein

81
Q

Transferring blood from one person to another is called a/an

A

blood transfusion

81
Q

Hardening of the arteries is called

A

arteriosclerosis

81
Q

Which of the following represents the flow of de-oxygenated blood leaving the heart

A

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs

81
Q

The largest vein in the body is the

A

inferior vena cava
superior vena cava

81
Q

To stop hemorrhaging in a lower extremity, one can compress this vessel

A

femoral artery

81
Q

Extreme bleeding is called

A

hemorrhage

81
Q

A diseased portion of an artery can be replaced by a blood vessel from the person’s own body. The blood vessel often used is the

A

saphenous vein

81
Q

Such signs as cold, clammy skin, very low blood pressure, shallow breathing suggests a person

A

is in shock

81
Q

When the amount of sugar content in the blood is excessive, this condition is called

A

hyperglycemia

81
Q

A severe pain felt in the region of the heart, left arm and shoulder

A

is called angina pectoris
are early signs of a heart attack

81
Q

Cell death caused by lack of nutrients to the cells can be associated with

A

necrosis
heart attack
diabetic gangrene
infarct

81
Q

The term to describe abnormalities of the heart, present from birth, is called

A

congenital heart disease

81
Q

A normal blood pressure reading for an adult is

A

120/80

81
Q

Hemorrhoids are swollen and tortuous veins located in the

A

rectum

81
Q

The hepatic portal vein transports blood

A

from gastrointestinal tract to liver

81
Q

Most common donated organs

A

kidney
liver

81
Q

What is the correct order of blood flow leaving heart, then going back to heart

A

aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

81
Q

“The role of the left side of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood, which has just returned from the lungs, and is going to the rest of the body.” This explains the:

A

systemic circulation

81
Q

The heart is made up of which different types of tissues:

A

nerve tissue
cardiac muscle tissue
connective tissue

82
Q

Term used for a course of treatment given by a physician is called

A

therapy

82
Q

streptococci

A

causes scarlet fever
causes septicemia
causes strept throat
releases a poisonous toxin

82
Q

The science that deals specifically with the structure and parts of living things is called

A

anatomy

82
Q

The most effective environment for microbes is

A

Dust

82
Q

The science that specifically deals with the function of a living thing is called

A

physiology

82
Q

Invasion of body by pathogenic microorganisms is called

A

infection

82
Q

Cancer of the skin is called

A

melanoma

82
Q

Presently the most prevalent, contagious disease of the reproductive tract is

A

Gonorrhea

82
Q

auto-immune diseases

A

vitiligo
diabetes
AIDS
Chrohn’s disease
Multiple Sclerosis
lupus

82
Q

When a bacteria is able to be destroyed it is said to be in what form or state?

A

vegetative
active

82
Q

When a bacteria is resting and not able to be destroyed it is said to be in which form or state

A

spore

resistant

82
Q

The abnormal growth of cells is known as

A

dysplasia

82
Q

The excessive growth of cells in one area is known as

A

hyperplasia

82
Q

Congenital

A

present at birth

82
Q

An auto- immune disease is

A

when immune system attacks other organ systems

similar to allergies in the way it acts

82
Q

epidemic

A

disease present in people

82
Q

endemic

A

disease present in an area

82
Q

idiology

A

study of unknown diseases

82
Q

etiology

A

study of causes of disease

82
Q

incidence

A

rate of disease/illness

82
Q

diagnosis

A

determining an illness

82
Q

antiseptic

A

fights bacteria

82
Q

asepsis

A

absence of bacteria

82
Q

facultative anaerobe

A

bacteria that lives with/without air

82
Q

anaerobe

A

bacteria that lives without air

82
Q

toxins

A

poison released from pathogen

82
Q

pasteurization

A

process of heating-cooling milk

82
Q

degeneration

A

aging/deterioration of living things

82
Q

cross infection

A

pathogens from one person to another

82
Q

cross contamination

A

pathogens from object to person

83
Q

protozoology

A

study of one-celled animals

83
Q

peristology

A

study of parasites like tapeworms

83
Q

sterilization

A

killing all germs on surface

83
Q

disinfectant

A

killing most germs on surface

83
Q

microbiology

A

study of small living things

83
Q

Forecast or likely course of a disease

A

prognosis

83
Q

Lack of Vitamin D in one’s diet can lead to

A

rickets
osteoporsis

83
Q

What is the name of the roundworm parasite found in the cyst of a pig (in humans thru pork) in uncooked pigs

A

trichinella spiralis

83
Q

An infection can spread from one person to another in a variety of ways. Touching the blood of someone who is infected is an example of:

A

Direct contact

83
Q

Vector-borne transmission happens when

A

A bug bites an infected person, then bites you

83
Q

Calling out for help, assessing hazards of the area, and counting how many casualties are present are part of the:

A

Scene survey

83
Q

The “C” of “ABC”s stands for

A

Circulation

83
Q

When a person is semi-conscious

A

Their eyes are partially open
They are confused and don’t make sense

83
Q

220-age is the formula used to calculate

A

Maximum heart rate

83
Q

Two common places to take an adult’s pulse are

A

Radial artery
carotid artery

83
Q

The medical term for a heart rate that is faster than normal is

A

Tachycardia

83
Q

The “I” in RICE for injuries stands for

A

Ice

83
Q

sprain

A

The tearing of ligaments

83
Q

A discoloured area of the skin that is created when blood and other fluids seep into nearby tissue can be called a

A

Bruise
Contusion

83
Q

If a person is choking and can verbally tell you they are choking you should:

A

Encourage them to keep coughing but stay close by

83
Q

Which type of bleeding is the most serious and characterized by spurting blood

A

Arterial

83
Q

Facial droop, difficulty speaking, and trouble seeing are all common signs of:

A

stroke

83
Q

When a diabetic person has low blood sugar, they are

A

Hypogylcemic

83
Q

The “E” in RICE stands for

A

elevation

83
Q

When you arrive at an accident with very injured people and other people are around, you should

A

Specifically pick a person to call 911 and report back to you
check hazards

83
Q

What is first aid?

A

Care you give a person until advanced care arrives

83
Q

When washing your hands you should always

A

Use soap
wash before and after treating wounds if possible

83
Q

When removing gloves after doing first aid, you should

A

Pull the cuff towards the fingers inside out

Put glove from one hand on the palm of other gloved hand

Wash hands after disposing of gloves

Dispose of dirty gloves appropriately

83
Q

As a first aid provider you should do CPR when

A

Person is unconscious and has no pulse

83
Q

The “P “ in the acronym “SAMPLE” used during a secondary survey stands for

A

Past history

84
Q

The Secondary Survey is performed only if

A

the casualty has more than one injury

84
Q

When a person has a nosebleed the first aid provider should make sure the person

A

Pinch their nose where the cartilage meets the bone

84
Q

If you suspect a neck or spinal injury of a conscious victim at the scene of an accident, you should do ALL of the following

A

Move victim if they are in danger of losing their life
Hold victim’s head and neck in a stable position until help arrives
call 911

84
Q

For severe puncture wounds, first aid should include

A

Keep direct pressure on wound

84
Q

For adult CPR a person must be

A

8 years or older

84
Q

Which statements are TRUE when dealing with an anaphylactic attack

A

call 911
allergic reaction can be fatal
epi-pen should be administered to the side of the thigh

84
Q

During a seizure it is important to

A

not try and control victim’s movements

loosen tight clothing around neck if necessary

place something soft under head

84
Q

Which statements are TRUE about the AED

A

it stands for automated external defibrillator
you may have to shave or dry chest to administer pads
it will give shock if there is atrio ventricular defibrillation

84
Q

Checking ABC’s, head tilt chin lift, look/listen/feel, are all part of the

A

primary survey
airway, breathing and circulation check

84
Q

A _____________ is a protective, sterile covering(s) used to control bleeding, absorb blood from wound, and prevent further contamination.

A

dressing
gauze

84
Q

When dealing with an amputation first aid provider should

A

treat person for shock
call 911
control bleeding at wound with a bandage
put amputated appendage in a moist dressing in a bag then on ice

84
Q

When treating a person for shock, you should

A

give warmth
reassure them
treat injuries
check airway, breathing, circulation
put them in a semi-prone position

84
Q

In the acronym FAST when dealing with stroke, the S stands for

A

slurred speech

84
Q

Which of the following are true about STROKE

A

time is of the urgency

cold clammy skin

limited arm movement

84
Q

What are the 3 C’s in order for Primary Survey?

A

check, call, care

84
Q

Which of the following are common causes of shock?

A

Excessive bleeding
Anaphylactic Allergic reaction
Observation of trauma

84
Q

What are the two stages of a seizure?

A

tonic and clonic

84
Q

permanent teeth

A

They erupt about 6 years old
They are usually complete done erupting by age 17-21

84
Q

primary teeth

A

They are baby teeth
They start to fall out around 6 years old

84
Q

Periodontist

A

Deals with gums and gum disease

84
Q

Oral and Maxillo Surgeon

A

Works with mouth and chin issues

84
Q

Endodonist

A

Deals with tooth pulp

84
Q

Prosthodontist

A

Works with fake teeth

84
Q

Pediatric Dentist

A

Child dentist

84
Q

Dentist

A

Does routine checkups and fillings

84
Q

Orthodonist

A

Helps with aligning teeth and braces

84
Q

Dental Hygienist

A

Assists dentist and does cleanings

84
Q

Dental Assistant

A

Assists dentist with procedures

84
Q

reshaping of the gums

A

gingivoplasty

85
Q

viral ulcer in mouth or lips

A

canker Sore

85
Q

inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

85
Q

clicking of the jaw

A

Temporal Mandibular Disorder

85
Q

large filling

A

onlay

85
Q

when a tooth blocks adjacent tooth

A

impacted tooth

85
Q

tartar

A

calculus

85
Q

food left on teeth

A

plaque

85
Q

painful infection orally

A

Trench Mouth

85
Q

removal of the gums

A

gingivectomy

85
Q

crowns

A

Artificial “top” cemented on damaged tooth

85
Q

braces

A

Bands, wires, ceramic to align/correct teeth

85
Q

bridge

A

Support tooth in between 2 healthy teeth

85
Q

autoclave

A

sterilizing machine

85
Q

sealants

A

Substance added to tooth to prevent decay

85
Q

splints

A

loose tooth is wired to solid tooth

85
Q

fluoride

A

Chemical substance strengthens tooth enamel

85
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

85
Q

dentures

A

artificial teeth

85
Q

prosthetics

A

anything fake in health care

85
Q

The procedure needed when inner pulp is damaged to the root is called

A

root canal

85
Q

The procedure that measures depth of teeth and gums

A

perio charting

85
Q

The process of scraping off of plaque to bottom of gum tissue

A

curretage

85
Q

The process of scraping off of plaque down to the root is called

A

root planning
scaling

85
Q

When one is approved by the American Dental Association they are said to be

A

Board Certified

85
Q

The sharp, pointy teeth with longest root are called

A

canines
cuspids

85
Q

What filling is the cheapest and easiest to administer and maintain?

A

amalgam

85
Q

Which anesthetic uses gas, has the longest recovery time and patient is unconscious?

A

general

85
Q

Which statement(s) are TRUE about anesthetics?

A

local allows person to be alert
topical does not require any recovery time

85
Q

Which X-ray shows a 2 dimensional picture of the whole mouth of teeth?

A

panoramic

85
Q

occlusal X-rays

A

picture of upper and lower jaw
picture of whole bite
they are large

85
Q

periapical X-rays

A

14-24 films

85
Q

What are the causes of periodontal disease

A

smoking
hormonal changes
poor hygiene
certain diseases

85
Q

_______________ is a sickness that occurs when the alveoli fill with pus and other liquid resulting in gas exchange not occurring

A

pneumonia

86
Q

Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract is called

A

common cold

86
Q

Narrowed bronchi and bronchioles, making it hard to breathe is common in people with

A

asthma

86
Q

A disease characterized by stretching and destruction of the walls of the alveoli is called

A

emphysema

86
Q

Inflammation of the bronchial tree is called

A

bronchitis

86
Q

Reactions to medicines that are not intended are called

A

side effects

86
Q

When medicines are taken together for a positive result this is called

A

additive effect

86
Q

When two or more medicines are taken together for a greater, negative effect, this is called

A

synergistic

86
Q

When someone stops using a drug that they are dependent on and experience harmful signs and symptoms they

A

are going through withdrawal effects

86
Q

When a person needs more of a drug to get the same effects as before this is called

A

tolerance

86
Q

What is the current issue with antibiotics

A

They are losing effectiveness
Humans are overusing them
Humans get antibiotics from meat also
Bacteria is mutating and becoming resistant

86
Q

Which are the 3 types of pleura membranes from superficial to deep?

A

parietal, intrapleural, visceral

86
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

lower blood pressure
block action of nerves that constrict blood vessels

86
Q

Vasodilators

A

lower blood pressure
dilate (widen) veins and arteries

86
Q

Clot dissolving heart medication

A

help blood pressure by preventing clots

86
Q

Diuretics

A

increase urine production to reduce sodium in blood

86
Q

New techniques in medical research to identify bacterial genes and enzymes in anti-biotic resistant bacteria is (are)

A

biochemistry
crystallography

86
Q

What healthy brain chemical or chemicals are released during exercise?

A

serotonin
dopamine
endorphins

86
Q

How does aging affect the respiratory system?

A

lungs become less elastic
cilia are not as effective

86
Q

hormone released during distress

A

it suppresses the immune system
it is cortisol

86
Q

What is the ratio of Inspiration to Expiration in a normal human being?

A

1:2

86
Q

A new generation of broad spectrum antibiotics that kill a variety of bacteria including penicillin resistant strains are called

A

cephalosporins

86
Q

What is the normal amount of respirations per minute for an adult?

A

12-20

86
Q

Which areas should you assess for someone’s respiratory character during first aid?

A

rate of breathing

86
Q

For air to enter lungs, 2 actions must occur

A

intercostal muscles cause rib cage to move outward and upward expanding chest cavity
diaphragm is pulled downward expanding the chest cavity

86
Q

healthy chemicals of the brain?

A

endorphins and serotonin are released through weight lifting
sun exposure or meditation release serotonin
endorphins are the natural pain killer

86
Q

Strokes

A

blood supply to the brain is reduced or interrupted

F-facial droop
A-arm lift
S-speech may slur
T-time is crusial, call 911

might be TIA, transient ischemic attack, where the blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked or reduced.

can be caused from exhaustion

Hypertension-High blood pressure is considered anything over 140/90 mmHg.
-causes include obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, stress, too much salt in diet, genetics
-can have serious risks which include risk of heart attack or stroke, aneurysm, heart failure

86
Q

How to keep old people safe

A

regular check ups
home safety
diet and nutrition
excercise
regular sleep and resting
social interaction
mental health check ups
take stress away by handeling finance issues
transportation options
emergency contacts

86
Q

preventative measures for diseases

A

educate everyone about life choices, risks
promote vaccines
normalize screenings, make them cheaper if they cost a lot
make dentistry free
schools serve only healthy foods, education on nutrition
substance abuse prevention
doctors only diagnose people who have a disease instead of giving drugs for free
therapy should be free

grade 11 (19 decks)

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