Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBCOT Study > Hand and Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Hand and Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

sense vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ruffini end organs

A

sense tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

merkel cells

A

sense pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why is it important to assess cognition with UE evaluations

A

to learn more about adherence to HEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Important observations for UE evaluations

A
  • nonverbals
  • positioning
  • guarding
  • posture
  • spontaneous use of UE
  • skin, wounds, scarring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pain assessment

A

when is it occurring and how much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vascular assessment

A

color and trophic changes, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 regions where TOS can occur

A
  • sternocostovertebral space
  • scalene triangle
  • costoclavicular space
  • pectoralis minor space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TOS level of restriction is based on what

A

severity, neural sensitization, intra/perineural scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nonoperative treatments of TOS

A
  • minimize irritation with safe motions
  • diaphragmatic breathing
    -safe sleeping positions
  • posture and scapular proprioception
  • strengthen scapular stabilizers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

signs of frozen shoulder

A

loss in ROM at glenohumeral joint
- ER, abduction, IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

freezing phase of frozen shoulder

A

shoulder pain with ADLs and rest, close to full ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Frozen phase of frozen shoulder

A

pain with stretching movements, compensation for decreased ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thawing phase of frozen shoulder

A

gradual return of motion for up to 26 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

operative treatment of frozen shoulder

A

manipulation and release of glenohumeral capsule ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nonoperative treatment of frozen shoulder

A

ADL modifications
- avoid overstretching and pushing joint to point of restarting inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What makes of a majority of shoulder disorders

A

rotator cuff disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

operative treatment for rotator cuff disorders

A
  • 2-4 weeks immobilization
  • week 6-7 ROM passive working to active
  • weeks 8-10 begin strengthening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nonoperative treatment of rotator cuff

A
  • rest and anti-inflammatory modalities
  • ROM with pendulums and wand based elevation
    -strengthening healthy parts of RC and scapular stabilizers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where do half of all hand fractures occur

A

metacarpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

boxers fracture

A

head of MC 4 and 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bennett’s fracture

A

thumb base fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

skier’s thumb

A

torn ligament in thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

avulsion injuries

A

when the tendon separates from bone and insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mallet finger

A

avulsion of terminal finger tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

treatment for mallet finger

A

splint in extension for 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

boutonniere deformity

A
  • disruption of central slip of extensor tendon
  • PIP flexion and DIP hyperextension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

treatment for boutonniere deformity

A

splint PIP in extension and perform isolated DIP flexion exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

swan neck deformity

A

injury to MCP, PIP or DIP characterized by PIP hypertension and DIP flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

treatment of swan neck deformity

A

splint PIP in slight flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

3 phases of bone fracture healing

A

inflammation, repair, remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

inflammation phase of fracture healing

A

provides cellular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

repair phase of fracture healing

A

forms callus for stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

remodeling phase of fracture healing

A

deposits bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

complications of fracture healing

A

misaligned fracture, wounds and pain, decreased nutrition, age, bone disesase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

rehab for bone fractures

A
  • orthotic fabrications
  • pain relief
  • ther ex
  • monitor CPRS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

colles fracture

A

dorsal placement
- fall on extended hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

smith’s fracture

A

palmar displacement
- fall on flexed hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the most common carpal fracture

A

scaphoid- 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

kienbocks disease

A

associated with lunate fracture because of decreased blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

medical management of fractures

A

surgical intervention or casting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

nondisplaced fracture

A

fractured bone with no misalignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

displaced fracture

A

fractured bone and no longer aligned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

extraarticular fracture

A

occurs outside of joint and does not interrupt articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

intraarticular fracture

A

extends into the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

which type of fracture can lead to OA

A

intraarticular fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

acute phase of wrist fractures

A
  • 0-6 weeks
  • immobilization is common
  • edema and pain management
  • functional use with NWB status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

subacute phase of wrist fractures

A
  • 6+ weeks
  • casting and orthotics to support soft
  • edema and pain management
  • ROM and functional use graded up
  • strengthening at 8-10 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the most common elbow fracture

A

radial head fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

common complications of radial head fractures

A

elbow flexion contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is susceptible to injury after a olecranon fracture

A

ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

medical management of nondisplaced elbow fractures

A

long arm sling with emphasis on elbow extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

medical management of displaced elbow fractures

A

surgical fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

rehab for elbow fractures

A
  • stabilization before motion
  • ROM once cleared (~1 week)
  • strengthening at 8-12 weeks
  • pain and edema management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

medical management of 1 part humerus fracture

A

immobilization with sling 1-3 weeks and passive movements

56
Q

medical management of 2-4 part humerus fractures

A
  • 4-6 weeks of immobilization
  • PROM day 1
  • commonly ORIF
57
Q

rehab for humerus fractures

A
  • grip and AROM exercises
  • ROM at 2 weeks
  • aggressive stretching 4-6 weeks
  • strengthening at 8-12 weeks
58
Q

what do saggital bands do

A

center the extensor tendons over MCP joint

59
Q

common extensor tendon injuries to zone 1

A

-cut, laceration or jamming finger
-mallet finger

60
Q

common extensor tendon injuries to zone 2

A
  • laceration, evulsion, RA
  • Boutonniere deformity
61
Q

thumb extensor tendon zones

A

1- IP joint
2- Over prox. phalanx
3- over MCP joint
4- over MC1
5- over wrist

62
Q

thumb extensor tendon zones over fingers

A

1- over DIP joint
2-middle phalanx
3- PIP joint
4- proximal phalanx
5- MCP joint
6- metacarpals
7- carpal bones and wrist

63
Q

goals of extensor tendon rehabd

A
  • achieve tendon gliding and decrease tension on repaid
  • decrease edema and stiffness
64
Q

rehab of zones 1 and 2 extensor tendons

A

immobilize then gradually increase DIP flexion

65
Q

early phase of rehab of zones 3 and 4 extensor tendons

A
  • 0-3,4 weeks
  • orthosis worn full time with PIP in full extension
66
Q

Intermediate phase of rehab of zones 3 and 4 extensor tendons

A
  • 4-8 weeks
  • d/c orthosis and begin AROM individual joint flexion
  • at 5 weeks begin gentle composite flexion
67
Q

late phase of rehab of zones 3 and 4 extensor tendons

A
  • 8-12 weeks
  • full normal use of hand
  • stretching
  • static progressive or dynamic flexion orthosis
68
Q

early phase of rehab of zones 5-7 extensor tendons

A
  • 0-3,4 weeks
  • full-length resting cast
69
Q

intermediate phase of rehab of zones 5-7 extensor tendons

A
  • 4-8 weeks
  • orthosis used during work and heavy activities
  • gradual increase in active flexion
  • begin composite flexion
70
Q

late phase of rehab of zones 5-7 extensor tendons

A
  • 8-12 weeks
  • strengthening and functional UE exercise
  • static progressive or dynamic orthoses
71
Q

Anatomy of flexor tendons

A

glide and run under tight pulley system

72
Q

where is “no man’s land” and why is it called that

A
  • Zone 2 of flexor tendons
  • hard to treat and diagnose
73
Q

Zones of flexor tendons

A

1- finger tip to center of middle phalanx
2- center of middle phalanx to distal palmar crease
3- distal palmar crease to transverse carpal ligament
4- overlies transverse carpal ligament
5- extends beyond wrist

74
Q

complications of flexor tendon injuries

A
  • often nerve involvement
    -edema and pain
  • PIP flexion contractures
75
Q

when is immobilization approach to flexor tendon rehab used

A
  • rare
  • children under 12
  • significant loss in skin requing graft
  • cognitive limitations
76
Q

describe the immediate passive flexion approach to flexor tendon rehab

A
  • initiated 3-4 days following repair
  • dorsal blocking splint with wrist and MP joints in flexion and IP joints in extension
  • Duran protocol
77
Q

duran protocol

A
  • passively flex fingers while wearing dorsal blocking splint
  • used for flexor tendon rehab
78
Q

immediate active flexion approach to flexor tendon rehab

A
  • achieve flexor tendon gliding before adhesions form
  • dorsal blocking orthosis at rest
79
Q

when can strengthening begin for flexor tendon rehab

A

8 weeks

80
Q

what is the most common nerve injury after a humeral fracture

A

radial nerve

81
Q

symptoms of radial nerve injury

A

wrist drop, decreased finger and thumb extension

82
Q

nonoperative treatment of radial nerve

A
  • wrist cock up splint
  • PROM and AROM
  • isotonic strengthening upon reinnervation
83
Q

operative treatment of radial nerve injury

A

static wrist extension splint at 30 degrees adjusted to 10 to 20 degrees at 4 weeks

84
Q

describe radial tunnel syndrome

A
  • entrapment in area extending radial head to supinator
  • causes burning pain in lateral forearm
85
Q

nonoperative treatment of radial tunnel syndrome

A
  • long arm splint with elbow flexion, supination and wrist in neutral
  • massage, TENS
  • pain-free ROM
    -nerve glides
86
Q

operative treatment of radial tunnel syndrome

A
  • 2 weeks of long arm splint with elbow flexion, supination and wrist in neutral
  • wrist cock up 2 weeks
  • PROM and AROM supination and pronation
  • strengthening 3 weeks
    -resistive ex at 6 weeks
87
Q

posterior interosseus nerve syndrome

A
  • rare nerve palsy of extensors
    -weak or paralyzed wrist and digit extension and thumb radial abduction
  • deep ache pain with palpation of lateral forearm
  • worse at night
    -nerve compression at radial tunnel
88
Q

nonoperative treatment of PINS

A

splint with elbow flexion, supination, wrist extension

89
Q

ape hand deformity

A

fingers are close together

90
Q

hand of benediction

A
  • occurs with high median nerve lesion
  • D4+5 flexed, D1-3 extended
91
Q

describe median nerve injuries

A
  • ape hand or hand of benediciton
  • sensory loss in radial fingers
  • decreased pinch, thumb opposition and radial flexion
92
Q

nonoperative treatment for median nerve injuries

A

static thenar web spacer splint

93
Q

operative treatment for median nerve injuries

A
  • dorsal blocking splint
  • digit and thumb AROM and PROM
    -tendon glides, scar massage
  • strengthening
94
Q

anterior interosseous syndrome

A
  • compression of anterior interosseous nerve
  • nonspecific deep aching pain to proximal forearm that increases with activity
  • decreased flexion in D1-3
95
Q

provocative testing of anterior interosseous syndrome

A

negative tinels sign
positive Ballentines sign

96
Q

Ballentine’s sign

A

collapsed DIP joint when making OK sign

97
Q

treatment of anterior interosseous syndrome

A

orthosis stabilizes IP joint of D1 and flexion of D2 to promote tip pinch function

98
Q

pronator syndrome

A
  • entrapment of proximal median nerve between pronator muscle heads
  • deep pain in proximal forearm
99
Q

provocative testing of pronator syndrome

A

negative tinels
provoke with pronation and elbow flexion resistance

100
Q

nonoperative treatment of ponator syndrome

A
  • splint 90-100 degrees in elbow flexion, forearm neutral
  • TENS
    -gentle prolonged stretch supination, elbow, wrist digit extension
  • no repetitive rotation and elbow flexion
101
Q

operative treatment for pronator syndrome

A
  • 1/2 cast
  • AROM while wearing cast
  • strengthening in 1 week
102
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • entrapment of median nerve in carpal tunnel
  • weak thenar muscles and opposition
  • numbness and tingling that gets worse at night
103
Q

non operative treatment of carpal tunnel

A
  • splint in neutral position
  • nerve and tendon glides
  • postural retraining, avoid pinching and gripping with flexed wrist
104
Q

operative treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • may or may not need therapy
  • pain and scar management
  • AROM 1-2 days, strengthening 3-6 weeks
  • nerve and tendon glides
105
Q

parasthesia

A

numbness and tingling

106
Q

pillar pain

A

pain on either side of the carpal tunnel release

107
Q

ulnar nerve injury

A

causes flattening of normal arches of hand, claw deformity

108
Q
A
109
Q
A
110
Q
A
111
Q

claw deformity

A

hyperextension of D5 MCP joint and flexion of PIP and IP joints

112
Q

Wartenberg’s sign

A

D5 is abducted from D4

112
Q

Froment’s sign

A

flexion of DIP joint with lateral pinch

113
Q

Jeanne’s sign

A

D1 MCP hyperextension

114
Q

sensory loss to the dorsal side of hand

A

ulnar nerve injury is proximal to Guyon’s canal

115
Q

ulnar tunnel/guyon’s canal

A
  • sensory loss in D5 and ulnar D4
  • claw deformity
    -decreased movement of intrinsic movements
116
Q

nonoperative treatment of ulnar tunnel

A

anticlaw splint or antivibration glove

117
Q

operative treatment of ulnar tunnel

A
  • dorsal blocking splint with wrist MCP flexion
  • wound care, scar mobilization, desensitization
    -AROM at 6 weeks
118
Q

Cubital tunnel

A
  • decreased sensation at D5 and ulnar D4
  • decreased pinch and grip strength
119
Q

nonoperative treatment of cubital tunnel

A
  • edema and pain control
  • elbow splint with 30-70 flexion
  • nerve gliding
  • postural training
120
Q
A
121
Q
A
122
Q

operative treatment of cubital tunnel

A
  • pain managment and desensitization
  • AROM and nerve gliding
122
Q

Double crush syndrome

A
  • peripheral nerve trapped in more than 1 location
  • intermittent diffuse arm pain and parasthesia
  • treat according to each nerve injury
123
Q

De Quervain Syndrome

A
  • cumulative microtrauma to abductors of D1
  • pain felt on radial styloid exacerbated iwth thumb and wrist movements
  • caused by forceful, repetitive thumb abduction
124
Q

stenosing

A

narrowing

125
Q

nonoperative treatment of De Quervain Syndrome

A
  • corticosteroir injections
  • forearm based thumb spica
126
Q

operative treatment of de quervain syndrome

A
  • AROM at 2 weeks
  • strengthening at 4 weeks
127
Q

Assessments of Sensation

A
  • semmes-weinstein monofilaments
  • 2-point discrimination
  • Moberg pickup test
    -Tinel’s sign
128
Q

When to use moberg pick up test

A
  • for those with cognitive impairments
  • median nerve injury
129
Q

CPRS

A
  • pain disproportionate to injury that is either maintained or independent of SNS
130
Q

symptoms of CPRS

A
  • neuropathic pain
  • hyperathia
    -edema
    -bluish-red/shiny skin
  • muscle spasm
  • allodynia
    -hyperalgia
    -contracture
    -abnormal sweating
    -decreased strength and endurance
131
Q

allodynia

A

sensation misinterpreted as pain

132
Q

hyperalgia

A

increased response to painful stimuli

133
Q

type 1 CPRS

A
  • no definitive major nerve injury
  • may be spontaneous
134
Q

type 2 CPRS

A

develops s/p nerve injury

135
Q
A

NBCOT Study (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions