Cardiopulmonary

Question 1

Describe myocardial infarction

Answer 1

• blood and O2 decrease d/t rupture in coronary artery or plaque formation
  -improve blood flow, relieve pain and prevent clots

Question 2

after an MI what should Met levels by limited to

Answer 2

1-2 METS

Question 3

Describe CAD

Answer 3

coronary artery disease leads to narrow blood vessels with plaques and decreases blood flow to the heart

Question 4

describe angina pectoris

Answer 4

-complication of CAD
-heart muscle constricts with increased activity demands d/t decreased blood supply

Question 5

describe CHF

Answer 5

• impaired structure and function of ventricles
• decreased abilty to pump blood leads to collect of fluid in lungs and extremities

Question 6

describe cardiomyopathies

Answer 6

decrease of myocardium with mechanical or electrical dysfunction

Question 7

describe peripheral artery disease

Answer 7

narrowing of arteries to the limbs leads to cramping when walking, numbness, and cold extremities

Question 8

describe endocardities

Answer 8

bacterial infection in endocardium and heart valves

Question 9

describe myocarditis

Answer 9

inflammation of the myocardium secondary to viral, bacterial, parasitis or fungal infection

Question 10

describe pericarditis

Answer 10

inflammation of pericardium secondary to heart attack, heart surgery, kidney failure, and infection

Question 11

describe cardiac temponade

Answer 11

results from increased pericardial effusion

Question 12

medical treatments to cardiac dxs

Answer 12

-CABG
-Valve replacement
-angioplasty
-atherectomy
-pacemaker
-VAD
-IABP
-Medications
Life style changes

Question 13

How are DVTs treated

Answer 13

• blood thinners
• compression stockings

Question 14

describe superficial thrombophlebitis and interventions

Answer 14

• blood clot formation in veins of arm, leg, groin
• warm, moist compresses, pain meds

Question 15

describe pulmonary embolism and intervention

Answer 15

• DVT that breaks loose toward pulmonary arteries blocking blood from the R ventricle to the lungs
• IV heparin

Question 16

describe compartment syndrome

Answer 16

• results form hemorrhage or edema
• pain, swelling, decreased voluntary movement in involved muscles, sensory changes

Question 17

describe gangrene and interventions

Answer 17

• tissue death d/t decreased or absent blood supply
• antibiotics, amputation, pain meds

Question 18

describe Raynaud’s syndrome and intervention

Answer 18

• vascular changes occurring form decreased blood flow to digits
• vasodilators, calcium channel blockers

Question 19

what is the general goal of cardia rehab

Answer 19

prevent muscle loss, monitor functional status and decrease risk factors

Question 20

OT intervention in inpatient phase

Answer 20

-monitor HR, BP, EKG
-monitor low-level physical activity
-progress though MET levels

Question 21

OT intervention in outpatient phase

Answer 21

-exercise and activity progression through MET levels
-weight training at 2-4 weeks
-minimize risk factors

Question 22

OT intervention at community level

Answer 22

continue to progress activity tolerance

Question 23

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 23

BP decreases with supine > sit/stand

Question 24

postprandial orthostatic hypotension

Answer 24

BP decreases with supine>stand after eating

Question 25

neutrally mediated hypotension

Answer 25

BP decreases after standing for an extended period

Question 26

severe hypotension

Answer 26

d/t sudden loss of blood

Question 27

light METs

Answer 27

- less than 3 - sitting, walking, dressing

Question 28

moderate METs

Answer 28

- 3-6 - housework, yardwork, brisk walking

Question 29

Vigorous METS

Answer 29

- greater than 6 -running, bicycling, shoveling

Question 30

COPD

Answer 30

damage to alveolar wall and inflammation of conducting airways

Question 31

Emphysema

Answer 31

alveoli rupture or enlarge and lungs lose elasticity

Question 32

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 32

long-term inflammation of cronchioles with dyspnea

Question 33

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 33

acute inflammatory reaction to illness or trauma leading to injury to lung and fluid buildup

Question 34

Interstitial lung disease (ILD)

Answer 34

group of disorders causing scarring of pulmonary interstitium

Question 35

cystic fibrosis

Answer 35

chronic autosomal disease affecting exocrine glands

Question 36

obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 36

recurrent periods of breathing cessation for 10+ seconds

Question 37

pneumonia

Answer 37

inflammation of lung tissue

Question 38

medical management of pulmonary conditions

Answer 38

- anti-inflammatory agents - bronchodilators - expectorants - Oxygen therapy

Question 39

General considerations of pulmonary rehab

Answer 39

- increase strength, endurance and mobility - education on energy conservation and stress management

Question 40

OT intervention for pulmonary rehabilitaiton

Answer 40

- I/ADL retraining - monitor vitals - breathing regulation with activity - self-assessing and monitoring dyspnea -purse-lipped breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, leaning on forearms and thighs - energy conservation