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NBCOT Study > Cardiopulmonary > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Describe myocardial infarction

A
  • blood and O2 decrease d/t rupture in coronary artery or plaque formation
    -improve blood flow, relieve pain and prevent clots
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2
Q

after an MI what should Met levels by limited to

A

1-2 METS

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3
Q

Describe CAD

A

coronary artery disease leads to narrow blood vessels with plaques and decreases blood flow to the heart

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4
Q

describe angina pectoris

A

-complication of CAD
-heart muscle constricts with increased activity demands d/t decreased blood supply

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5
Q

describe CHF

A
  • impaired structure and function of ventricles
  • decreased abilty to pump blood leads to collect of fluid in lungs and extremities
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6
Q

describe cardiomyopathies

A

decrease of myocardium with mechanical or electrical dysfunction

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7
Q

describe peripheral artery disease

A

narrowing of arteries to the limbs leads to cramping when walking, numbness, and cold extremities

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8
Q

describe endocardities

A

bacterial infection in endocardium and heart valves

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9
Q

describe myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium secondary to viral, bacterial, parasitis or fungal infection

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10
Q

describe pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium secondary to heart attack, heart surgery, kidney failure, and infection

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11
Q

describe cardiac temponade

A

results from increased pericardial effusion

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12
Q

medical treatments to cardiac dxs

A

-CABG
-Valve replacement
-angioplasty
-atherectomy
-pacemaker
-VAD
-IABP
-Medications
Life style changes

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13
Q

How are DVTs treated

A
  • blood thinners
  • compression stockings
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14
Q

describe superficial thrombophlebitis and interventions

A
  • blood clot formation in veins of arm, leg, groin
  • warm, moist compresses, pain meds
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15
Q

describe pulmonary embolism and intervention

A
  • DVT that breaks loose toward pulmonary arteries blocking blood from the R ventricle to the lungs
  • IV heparin
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16
Q

describe compartment syndrome

A
  • results form hemorrhage or edema
  • pain, swelling, decreased voluntary movement in involved muscles, sensory changes
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17
Q

describe gangrene and interventions

A
  • tissue death d/t decreased or absent blood supply
  • antibiotics, amputation, pain meds
18
Q

describe Raynaud’s syndrome and intervention

A
  • vascular changes occurring form decreased blood flow to digits
  • vasodilators, calcium channel blockers
19
Q

what is the general goal of cardia rehab

A

prevent muscle loss, monitor functional status and decrease risk factors

20
Q

OT intervention in inpatient phase

A

-monitor HR, BP, EKG
-monitor low-level physical activity
-progress though MET levels

21
Q

OT intervention in outpatient phase

A

-exercise and activity progression through MET levels
-weight training at 2-4 weeks
-minimize risk factors

22
Q

OT intervention at community level

A

continue to progress activity tolerance

23
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

BP decreases with supine > sit/stand

24
Q

postprandial orthostatic hypotension

A

BP decreases with supine>stand after eating

25
Q

neutrally mediated hypotension

A

BP decreases after standing for an extended period

26
Q

severe hypotension

A

d/t sudden loss of blood

27
Q

light METs

A
  • less than 3
  • sitting, walking, dressing
28
Q

moderate METs

A
  • 3-6
  • housework, yardwork, brisk walking
29
Q

Vigorous METS

A
  • greater than 6
    -running, bicycling, shoveling
30
Q

COPD

A

damage to alveolar wall and inflammation of conducting airways

31
Q

Emphysema

A

alveoli rupture or enlarge and lungs lose elasticity

32
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

long-term inflammation of cronchioles with dyspnea

33
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

acute inflammatory reaction to illness or trauma leading to injury to lung and fluid buildup

34
Q

Interstitial lung disease (ILD)

A

group of disorders causing scarring of pulmonary interstitium

35
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

chronic autosomal disease affecting exocrine glands

36
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

recurrent periods of breathing cessation for 10+ seconds

37
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of lung tissue

38
Q

medical management of pulmonary conditions

A
  • anti-inflammatory agents
  • bronchodilators
  • expectorants
  • Oxygen therapy
39
Q

General considerations of pulmonary rehab

A
  • increase strength, endurance and mobility
  • education on energy conservation and stress management
40
Q

OT intervention for pulmonary rehabilitaiton

A
  • I/ADL retraining
  • monitor vitals
  • breathing regulation with activity
  • self-assessing and monitoring dyspnea
    -purse-lipped breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, leaning on forearms and thighs
  • energy conservation

NBCOT Study (9 decks)

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