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Conditions + definitions > H&N booklet 2 > Flashcards

H&N booklet 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

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2
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of mandible

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3
Q

What action do the anterior fibres have on the mandible?

A

Protraction

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4
Q

What action do the posterior fibres have on the mandible?

A

Elevation + retraction

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5
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter?

A

Zygomatic arch

Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of mandible

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6
Q

What is the action of the masseter?

A

Primary muscle of jaw closure (elevation)

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7
Q

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach?

A

Lateral pterygoid plate
>Medial is on medial surface
>Lateral on lateral surface

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8
Q

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach to?

A

TMJ

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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9
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to?

A

Angle of mandible

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

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10
Q

What are the actions of the pterygoid muscles?

1) Lateral together
2) medial together
3) One medial and one lateral (on same side)

A

1) Protraction of mandible
2) elevation of mandible
3) Contralateral contraction

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11
Q

What muscles cause depression of the mandible?

A 
Surpahyoid muscles
>Digastric
>Mylohyoid
>Stylohyoid
Gravity
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12
Q

What muscles cause elevation of the mandible?

A

Masseter
Temproalis - anterior fibres
Medial pterygoids together

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13
Q

What causes protrusion of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoids

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14
Q

What causes retration of the pterygoids?

A

Temporalis - posterior fibres

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15
Q

what causes side to side movements of the mandible?

A

Medial pterygoids

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16
Q

What nerve innervated the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular division: CN V3

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17
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Traps dirt
Warms air
Sinus/eye secretion
Olfaction

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18
Q

Which bones do the nasal bones articulate with?

A

Frontal bone - superior
Maxilla - frontal process - laterally
Ethmoid - posterior

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19
Q

What bones make up the roof of he nose?

A

Nasal
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Body of spheniod bone

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20
Q

What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine processes of maxilla
Palatine bones
>Form hard palate

Extended posteriorly by sft palate

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21
Q

What bones make up the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

Perpindicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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22
Q

How can nasal deviation affect a patient?

A

Might be unable to drain paranasal air sinuses effectively

May lose smell

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23
Q

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

A 
Cribriform plate
Crista gali
Central plate
Superior + middle conchae
Ethmoid air cells
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24
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve

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25
Q

What attaches to the crista gali?

A

Olfactory bulbs

Falx cerebri

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26
Q

What type of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa of the nasal cavity?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Olfactory mucosa for roof

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27
Q

What is the name of the space above the superior conchae?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

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28
Q

What are the spaces beneath the conchae called?

A

Meatuses

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29
Q

What is the other name for a conchae?

A

Turbinate - when lined with epithelium

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30
Q

What bones do the conchae arise from?

A

Inferior is its own bone

Middle + superior from ethmoid bone

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31
Q

What are the paranasal air sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the respiratory tract

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32
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses?

A

Regulation of gas pressure
Increased resonance of voice
Decreased relative weight of skull

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33
Q

What draines into the sphenoethmoid recess?

A

Sphenoid sinus

34
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

35
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Maxillary sinus
Frontal sinus
Superior ethmoid air cells
Anterior ethmoid air cells

36
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

Nasal lacrimal duct

37
Q

Which sinus has its draining above its most inferior part?

A

Maxillary

38
Q

What branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the air sinuses?

A 
CN V1 
>Frontal
>Sphenoid
>Ethmoidal
CN V2
>Maxillary
>Sphenoid
39
Q

What is the vestible?

A

The space between the teeth and cheeks

40
Q

What muscle causes closing of the lips?

A

Orbivular oris

41
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Moving food during swallowing
Taste
Speech

42
Q

What sulcus divides the tongue?

A

Sulcus terminalis

43
Q

What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

A

Site of the thyroid development

>Can lead to thyroglossal cyst

44
Q

What are the three types of papillae?

A

Filiform - only one without taste buds
Fungiform
Vallate

45
Q

What are the lymphoid elevations of the posterior tongue called?

A

Lingular tonsils

46
Q

What fold of mucous membrane fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

Frenulum

47
Q

What nerve innervates the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular branch - CNV3

48
Q

What nerve innervates the general sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX

49
Q

What nerve innervates the taste sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Facial nerve - CNVII

Chorda tympani branch

50
Q

What nerve innervates the taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX

51
Q

What are the types of muscle fo the tongue?

A

Intrinisc

Extrinisc

52
Q

What are the functions of the toungue muscle types?

A

Intrinisc - shape tongue

Extrinisic - move tongue

53
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

54
Q

What is the attachment of the genioglossus?

A

Inerior surface of the mandible

55
Q

What is the attachment of the hyglossus?

A

Upper border of mandible

56
Q

What is the attachment of the styloglossus?

A

Styloid process

57
Q

What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

A

Soft palate

58
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus?

A

Protrudes tongue to other side

59
Q

What is the action of the hyglossus?

A

Depresses and retracts tongue

60
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus?

A

Retracts tongue

Elevates tongue

61
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

A

Elevates posterior tongue

Depresses soft palate

62
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

Except for palatoglossus

63
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary gland?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

64
Q

What nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands?

A

Parotid - glossopharyngeal

Submandibular + sublingual - facial nerve

65
Q

What muscles make up the soft palate?

A 
Palatoglossus
Tensor veli palatine
Levator veli palatin
Palatopharyngeus
Muscularis uvulae
66
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Vagus nerve

67
Q

What is the collective action of the soft palate muscles?

A

Swallowing

Breathing

68
Q

What structure lies between the palatoglossus and the palatopharyngeus muscles?

A

Palatine tonsils

>Lymphatic structure

69
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

70
Q

What makes up the roof of the nasopharynx?

A

Sphenoid bone

71
Q

What stops a bolus from:

1) entering the naso pharynx
2) entering the larynx?

A

1) soft palate

2) epiglottis

72
Q

What are the three layers of the pharynx?

A

Outer muscular layer
Middle fibrous layer
Inner mucous membrane

73
Q

What muscles make up the outer circular layer of the muscular layer of the pharynx?

A

Constrictor muscles

Superior, middle and inferior

74
Q

What muscles make up the inner longitudinal layer of the muscular layer of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharangeus

75
Q

Where does the pharynx gets its innervation from?

A

Pharyngeus plexus
>Sensory - IX
>Motor - X

76
Q

What is the action of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

Pushes food into oesophagus

77
Q

What is the action of the longitudinal layer of muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

Propells bolus down

78
Q

What is the role of the tongue and palate during swallowing?

A

Pusehs food into pharynx and stops going into the nasal pharynx

79
Q

What are the parts of the lumen of the larynx?

A

Vestible (upper part, between false cords and laryngeal inlet)
Middle - between false and true cords
Lower part - from vocal cords to cricoid cartilage

80
Q

What nerves innervate the intrinisc muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

>Except cricothyroid which is superior laryngeal nerve

81
Q

What nerve innervates the mucous membrane of the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

Conditions + definitions (68 decks)

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