Grammar 1 Flashcards
Grammar
“be going to” vs. “will”:
🌟 Be Going To = Planned Future
- For things you decided before
- For predictions with clear signs
“I’m going to visit Paris next summer.” (already decided)
“Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.” (you can see it coming) | Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain.
> “I’m going to study law.” (planned career)
“I’ll get the door!” (deciding at that moment)
“Going to” | “Will” |
⚡ Will = Instant Decision
- For promises/offers
- For predictions without proof
“I’ll help you with your bags!” (deciding now)
“One day, robots will rule the world.” (just a guess) | I think it will be sunny tomorrow.
🎯 Key Difference:
| Plans 💭 | Quick decisions ⚡ |
I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.
I will help you with your homework.
Visible future signs 👀 | No proof 🔮 |
Have to vs Must:
🌟 Have to = Outside Rules
- Others make you do it
- More common in daily life
- Example:
“I have to wear a seatbelt.” (Because it’s the law)
I have to wear a uniform at work
We will have to leave soon
🔥 Must = Inside Rules
- You feel it’s important
- Stronger/more serious
- Example:
“I must drink water today.” (Because I feel thirsty)
You must stop smoking for your health
You must be careful when driving
✋ Negatives:
- “You must not smoke” = ❌ Never do this!
- “You don’t have to go” = ✅ It’s okay if you don’t
So far & Until now
1. So far
Meaning: Up to now / from the beginning until the present moment.
Use: To talk about something that has happened up to now (often with present perfect tense).
- “I’ve read 100 pages so far.” (I’m still reading the book.)
- “The weather has been good so far this week.” (It might change later.)
- “So far, no one has solved the puzzle.” (But someone might in the future.)
Key Idea: Focuses on progress or results up to now, implying continuation is possible.
- Are you enjoying the US? -It’s been a great country so far.
- I have visited fifteen countries so far.
2. Until
Meaning: Up to a specific time or event (and then stops).
Use: To mark the end of a period of time or action.
- “Wait here until I come back.” (Stop waiting when I return.)
- “She worked until midnight.” (She stopped at midnight.)
- “We didn’t know the truth until yesterday.” (We learned it yesterday.)
Key Idea: Emphasizes when something ends (a deadline, limit, or change).
Compare:
- “I’ve finished 3 chapters so far.” (Still reading → unfinished.)
- “I read until 10 PM.” (Stopped reading at 10 PM → finished.)
Past Perfect
- Công thức: S + had + V3
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Before, After, By the time, When, Already, Just, Never.
She had finished her homework before dinner
They hadn’t seen the movie before
When I arrived, the train had already left
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
So, Very và Too
1. So
- Meaning: Emphasizes degree (often with emotion or exaggeration).
- Use: Before adjectives/adverbs, often followed by “that” to show result.
- “The soup is so hot!” (no specific limit)
- “It was so cold that my hands turned red.”
2. Very
- Meaning: Strengthens a quality (neutral, factual).
- Use: Before adjectives/adverbs (no inherent limit).
- “She is very tall.”
- “The test was very difficult.”
3. Too
- Meaning: Excessively (beyond what’s acceptable/possible).
- Use: Before adjectives/adverbs, implies a problem.
- “This coffee is too hot to drink.” (uncomfortably hot)
- “The bag was too heavy to carry.”
Key Difference:
- Very = Strong but acceptable (“very big” = just big).
- Too = Unacceptable (“too big” = can’t fit/use).
- So = Emphasizes (often emotional: “so beautiful!”).
THEN
-
“You’re tired? Then go to sleep!”
(Because you’re tired, the next thing is sleep.) -
“If it rains, then we’ll stay home.”
(Rain → result: staying home.) -
“I don’t have money. Then I can’t buy it.”
(No money → result: no purchase.)
Word | Meaning | Example |
“Then” = “So” or “In That Case”
- To show what happens next because of something else.
- To make a quick decision or conclusion.
Not the Same As:
- “Than”: For comparing (e.g., “She’s taller than me”).
- “After”: For time only (e.g., “We ate after the movie”).
Tip: Use “then” when you mean “because of that…“ or “so…“.
Try it:
“You’re hungry? Then eat something!” 😊
In, On, At
IN:
- century, decade, year, month, week
- the spring, summer, fall, winter, christmas, new year
- the morning, afternoon, evening; exception at night
ON
- monday, tuesday,… sunday
- friday evening, thursday afternoon
- Christmas day, Easter Sunday
- 21 June
AT
- hours: 9pm, 8 o’clock
- night
- sunrise, sunset, lunch time
- at Christmas, at Eve, at Ramanda
IN: General period of time
ON: Less general
AT: Specific time
make or do
make:
- creating, producing, constructing, building st
I am making pasta for lunch
I made a decision to study abroad last year
I’m making plans to go out for dinner with my friends tonight
do:
- actions
We do homework/housework
I do the laundry/dishes
I do my hair/make up
I do exercise every morning
…if… and whether…or not
Let me see if everything is OK (Duo)
I wonder if it will rain or not?
I wonder if we’ll catch the train or not?
Do you think she will agree or not?
Meaning: expresses doubt or uncertainty
Similar to whether…or not
They’re discussing whether to invest or not
She doubts whether he was telling the truth
I don’t know whether/if she’s coming
liệu…hay không
