GPWS, WINDSHEAR & TCAS Flashcards
GPWS CAUTION
- CAUTION OBSTACLE
- CAUTION TERRAIN
- TERRAIN
- DON’T SINK
- GLIDESLOPE
- SINK RATE
- TOO LOW FLAPS / GEAR / TERRAIN
- BANK ANGLE
GPWS PULL UP WARNING
- PULL UP
- TERRAIN TERRAIN PULL UP
- OBSTACLE OBSTACLE PULL UP
GPWS Maneuver
- Disengage Autopilot
- Disconnect Autothrottle
- Aggressively Apply Max Thrust
- Simultaneously roll wings level & rotate to 20*
- Set the speedbrake lever to down
- If terrain remains a threat, continue up to the PLI, stick shaker or buffer
- Do not change flap or gear configuration until terrain separation is assured
- Monitor radio altimeter for sustained or increasing terrain separation
- When clear of the terrain, slowly decrease pitch attitude and accelerate
GPWS requires input from?
- Air data system
- IRS
- ILS
- Radio Altimeters
- GPS
Altitude used for height measurement is a blended solution of?
- GPS ALT
- BARO ALT
- RAD ALT
- Static Air Temp
The 7 GPWS Alerts are?
MODE
1 - Excessive and severe descent rate
2 - Excessive terrain closure rate
3 - Altitude loss after T/O or G/A
4 - Unsafe terrain clearance when not in the LDG Config
5 - Excessive deviation below an ILS glide slope
6 - Altitude callouts and bank angle callouts
7 - Windshear
PULL UP ALERTS - time to projected time of impact?
20-30 seconds
Shown in solid RED on the HSI
CAUTION TERRAIN / OBSTACLE Alerts - time to projected time of impact?
40-60 seconds
Shown as solid AMBER on the HSI
MODE 1
Excessive descent rate
“SINK RATE” and “PULL UP”
1000’ ~ 2600fpm for SINK RATE
500’ ~ 1800fpm for SINK RATE
1000’ ~ 3500fpm for PULL UP
500’ ~ 2250fpm for PULL UP
MODE 2
MODE 2A and 2B
Excessive Terrain Closure rate
“TERRAIN TERRAIN”
“PULL UP”
2A - with flap not in landing postion
2B - with flap in landing position
MODE 3
Altitude loss after T/O or G/A
“DON’T SINK”
“TOO LOW TERRAIN”
MODE 4
MODE 4A and 4B
Unsafe terrain clearance while not in the landing configuration
4A - “TOO LOW, GEAR”
4B - “TOO LOW, FLAP”
MODE 5
Below glide slope deviation
“GLIDESLOPE”
Alerts 1.3 dots below a glideslope signal
MODE 6
Altitude and bank angle callouts
- 100, 50, 30, 20, 10
- “BANK ANGLE”, > 150’ RA, occurs when AOB 40*
- “BANK ANGLE”, < 150’ RA, progressively to AOB 10* below 30’ RA
- — Inhibited below 5’ RA
MODE 7
WINDSHEAR
Windshear Warning System
Provides an immediate windshear alert when an excessive downdraft or tailwind is occuring
Windshear immediate-alert warnings
- Enabled below 1500’ RA
- GPWS windshear detection begins at rotation
Windshear T/O precautions?
- Use MAX T/O THR
- Most FLAP possible
- Use the longest runway
- Increase Vr to the performance limit gross weight rotation speed, not to exceed actual gross weight Vr plus 20kts
- Avoid STAB TRIM change until the a/c is stabilised
“WINDSHEAR AHEAD, WINDSHEAR AHEAD” prior to V1, what would you do?
Reject as a general rule
“WINDSHEAR AHEAD, WINDSHEAR AHEAD”, after V1, what would you do?
- Perform the windshear escape maneuver;
- At Vr, rotate at the normal rate to 15*, then once airborne, complete the escape maneuver;
- If you can’t stop before the end of the runway due to a strong tailwind shear, continue to 2000’ from the end of the runway, then rotate, even if the airspeed is low. Ensure MAX THR set
“MONITOR RADAR DISPLAY”
Maneuver as required to avoid
APPR / LDG Precautions
- Use runway with less chance of windshear
- Use Flap 25
- Stabilised approach early
- Monitor path using vertical speed and VASI
- IIncrease target approach speed
- Review the windshear escape procedure
“GO AROUND, WINDSHEAR AHEAD”
You guessed it!
Unacceptable flight path deviations, indicating Windshear?
- 15kts
- V/S 500fpm
- 5* pitch attitude
- 1 dot displacement on the glideslope
- unusual thrust position for a significant time
Windshear escape maneuver - AUTOPILOT ON
- G/A switch, Push. Note: If GA mode isn’t avail, disengage AP and disconnect AT, fly manually
- Verify GA mode announciation
- Verify thrust advanced to GA PWR
- Speedbrake, Down.
- Monitor system performance
- Do not change gear and flap config
- Do not attempt to regain lost airspeed until windshear is no longer a factor
Windshear escape maneuver - MANUAL FLIGHT
- Autopilot … Disengage
- G/A switch … Push
- Aggressively apply MAX THR
- Autothrottle … Disconnect
- Simultaneously roll wings level and rotate to 15*
- Speedbrake … Down
- Follow FD G/A guidance
- — Do not exceed the PLI
- Do not change gear and flap config
- Do not attempt to regain lost airspeed until windshear is no longer a factor
Windshear phraseology?
WINDSHEAR ESCAPE
WINDSHEAR ESCAPE COMPLETE, RESUMING ___
WINDSHEAR ESCAPE COMPLETED, REQUEST ___
UNABLE, WINDSHEAR ESCAPE
Predictive windshear, general description
Provides alerts when it detects disturbed air ahead of the aircraft which contain moisture or particulate matter which fits a known pattern of windshear activity
Predictive windshear, on the ground - when does it activate?
When WX radar selected or thrust levers advanced for T/O
Then after 12 seconds from the above, the alerts become available
Windshear is inhibited when?
CAUTION: 80kts to 400’ AGL
WARNING: 100kts to 50’ AGL
Predictive windshear alert area?
Cone picture out to 3nm or 1.5nm
Predictive windshear, in the air - when does it activate?
- Starts below 2300’ AGL
- Alerts below 1200’ AGL
- CAUTION area as per the cone..
- WARNING area as per the cone..
TCAS RA - Procedue
- Disengage autopilot
- Disconnect autothrottle
- Smoothly adjust pitch and thrust to satisfy RA command
○ IF IN LANDING CONFIG
§ Disengage autopilot
§ Disconnect autothrottle
§ Thrust levers - full forward
§ Flaps 20
§ Smoothly adjust pitch and thrust to satisfy RA command
§ Positive climb and gear up - Do not use FD commands
What are the TCAS Calls to ATC?
- “ANA 8256, TCAS RA”
- “ANA 8256, CLEAR OF CONFLICT, RETURNING TO ___”
- “ANA 8256, CLEAR OF CONFLICT, ___ RESUMED”
- “ANA 8256, UNABLE DUE TCAS RA”
TA - times, calls and how is it displayed?
20-48 seconds,
“TRAFFIC TRAFFIC”,
AMBER FILLED CIRCLE
RA - times and how is it displayed?
15-35 seconds,
VOICE ALERT,
RED FILLED SQUARE
Reaction time for an RA?
5 seconds first time, 2.5 seconds for the second warning
What are the TCAS inhibits?
- Increase descent < 1450’ RA
- Descent RA < 1100’ RA
- ALL RA’s < 1000’ RA
- ALL VOICE < 500’ RA
- GPWS + WINDSHEAR IMMEDIATE ALERTS - INHIBITS ALL TCAS ALERTS