GI - Small Intestine Flashcards
In the small intestine, how long does it take for make the journey from the crypt up to the tip?
3 days…
How do we treat tapeworm in dogs?
Flea treatment and PZQ/fenbendazole
In high worm burdens, Toxocara canis can be fatal. Why would there be pulmonary involvement?
Because of the migration thru the lung!
If it’s bad enough long enough, what is the weight loss in Protozoa diarrhea coming from?
Malabsorption
What type of diarrhea does Tritrichomonas foetus cause in cats?
LARGE bowel
How would we treat Cryptosporidium?
Paromomycin Tylosin
What aquatic oomycete is documented in mostly Gulf Coast states and is transmitted by exposure to free standing water? What is unique about the clinical presentation in dogs afflicted by this pathogen?
Pythium insidiosum
resembles algae
There aren’t a lot of diseases that present with GI and Skin signs/symptoms…
usually they’re infectious (some are immune-mediated…)
so for the most part,
GI and skin CS = Pythium should be high on your list of dDx
How do we diagnose Pythium?
CBC: eosinophilia, anemia
CHEM: hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia
UA: NSF
PythiumELISA: antibody detection; also used for therapy (titers fall w.Tx)
Culture, FNA of lesions (nonspecific), biopsy of lesions
What does P.insidiosum cause in the GIT?
Severe transmural segmental thickening on US
(esophagus—>colon +/- dissemination into other abd.organs);
GI Distress: SI diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, hematochezia, abd.pain
How do we treat Pythium?
Medications
Itraconazole: 10mg/kg PO SID
Terbinafine: 5-10mg/kg PO SID
+/- immunotherapy—>pred 1mg/kg/day
Surgery
removal (3-4cm margins) of limb or GI segment
What would large bowel diarrhea look like?
Straining, blood, high frequency/small amounts
In a dog with GI signs and respiratory difficulty, radiograph reveals nodules and enlarged thoracic lymph nodes. Also, the owner mentions she visited her sister in Ohio a week ago and brought the dog. You were thinking aspiration pneumonia, but now you’re thinking…
Histoplasmosis
How do we diagnose Histoplasmosis?
FNA, biopsy, ELISAantigen
How do we treat Histoplasmosis?
Itraconazole: 10mg/kg/day
Severe: Amphotericin B
What are the major bacteria associated with Intestinal Disease?
Campylobacter (large bowel),
Salmonella,
Clostridium,
E.coli,
Yersinia,
Mycobacterium
What is the name of the fluke as well as the bacteria involved in Salmon Poisoning Dz?
- Nanophyetus salmincola*
- Neorickettsia helminthoeca* and elokominica
How do we treat salmon poisoning?
Oxytetracycline,
Doxycycline,
PZQ (for fluke)
Top 3 most common GI Neoplasia in dogs vs. cats?
Feline
Lymphoma (small cell)
adenocarcinoma
mast cell
Canine
lymphoma
adenocarcinoma
smooth muscle tumors (leiomyo/sarc-oma, GISTs)
How do we treat intestinal lymphoma in cats?
Chlorambucil
Prednisolone
(can survive 1-3+ years)
How long in duration does IBD need to be, in order to be considered chronic?
at least 3 weeks
What disease state is currently defined clinically as:
“a spectrum of GI disorders associated with idiopathic chronic inflammation of the stomach, intestine, colon, or some combination of these organs…“ ?
IBD
What’s the most common type of infiltrate found in IBD patients?
Lymphoplasmacytic!
What are the types of IBD?
Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic Enteritis (LPE);
Eosinophilic Enteritis (EE) - food hypersensitivity? Parasitic?;
Lymphangiectasia and Protein Losing Enteropathy;
etc…
What is lymphangiectasia?
Dilation/dysfunction of intestinal lymphatics -
they rupture, fluid leaks out (pro-inflammatory), and you’re losing protein/lymphocytes…(usually secondary to lymphatic obstruction of some sort)
