Chemotherapy Drugs Flashcards
It’s important to be aware of concurrent nutraceutical supplementation, including periwinkle because this drug therapy is derived from the same plant and therefore may result in an overdose.
Vinca alkaloids (I.e. vincristine/vinblastine)
What is vincristine used to treat and in what animals?
K9/fel: LSA
K9: TVT
Most likely side effect from vinca alkaloids?
GI
Why do we have to be careful when placing a catheter for vincristine therapy?
Because vincristine is a vesicant; if it extravasates, it damages tissue
How would we manage extravasation of vincristine/blastine?
Warm it up!
—>dry warm compress 20-30min at a time Q6 x 24-48 hours
Hyaluronidase: (1:1 for every 1 mL of extravasated drug)
helps lymphatics clean up/metabolize
How do alkylating agents work?
Bind DNA strands—>insert an alkyl group and change structure of DNA sufficiently to interfere w/transcription, replication, and repair machinery
Antimitotics/microtubule toxin chemo drugs are generally cell-cycle-phase-_____________, whereas alkylating agents are __________________.
Specific (Mitosis);
Nonspecific
Melphalan, lomustine, dacarbazine, ifosamide, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil belong to which class of chemotherapy?
Alkylating agents
Used to Tx…
Melphalan: M.M. (B)
Cyclophosphamide: LSA (B,A); Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (acrolein metabolite accumulates and irritates bladder mucosa)
CCNU (lomustine): LSA, MCT Histiocytic sarcoma (B)
*liver toxicity (give with hepatoprotectant, Denamarin, or Sam-E, vitE…)
Chlorambucil: CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and low grade LSA (fel.) (B)
Doxorubicin (DOX), Mitoxantrone, actinomycin-D, and idarubicin are cell-cycle-phase-________, and are used to treat what cancer types?
Nonspecific;
DOX: “red death”; LSA, OSA, mesenchymal and epithelial tumors (G)
prescreen boxers/dobies for cardiotox(dexrazoxane/zinecard reduces cardiac toxicity); VESICANT!
Mitoxantrone: “blue thunder”; TCC, LSA (B,G)
uroepithelial/bladder
How do we handle extravasation for DOX?
“Pea on it” — KEEP COLD!! (Bag of peas…)
Prevent it from disseminating (as opposed to vincristine) because the more surface area it comes into contact with, the more damage it will do…
This class of drugs is generally considered a group of nucleotide analogs or substrates of active metabolic processes within the cell; cell-cycle-phase-specific —> Synthesis…
Antimetabolites:
Gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil: infrequent,
cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar): CNS tumors, +/- LSA
Covalent binding to DNA strands, forming inter strand cross links which is cytotoxic
^this is the MOA of what chemo class?^
Platinum agents (cell-cycle-phase-nonspecific)
What do we tend to use platinum agents to treat?
OSA in dogs (some sarcomas)
- no Cisplatin in cats!*
- *is nephrotic**
Novel agents…
Tanovea-CA1 is the first FDA conditionally approved lymphoma treatment for dogs. How does it work?
Inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes and LSA cell lines by inhibiting DNA synthesis
What are the normal T cells our body produces in order to serve as a check point against our body from having our immune system go haywire”?
CD4+CD25+ regulatory Tcells:
“Dampen” rogue/inflammatory response to prevent the progression to immune-mediated disease
Certain cancers will tell our body to enhance the production Tregs to prevent the body’s immune system from recognizing the cancer…
—>Cyclophosphamide: decreases Tregs circulating in the body
