General inflammation and small molecule mediators + Asthma

Question 1

Name 5 H1 antagonist

Answer 1

diphenhydramine, 
chorphenamine, 
astemizole, 
terfenadine
cetrizine

Question 2

What are the side effects of H1 antagonists

Answer 2

anti-emetic and sedative

Question 3

Name 2 H2 antagonists

Answer 3

Ranitidine, Climentidine

Question 4

Which syndrome would you use H2 agonists for

Answer 4

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Question 5

Name 2 anti-TNF alpha’s

Answer 5

Etanercept

Infliximab

Question 6

What can you use to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 6

Infliximab

Question 7

What humanized monoclonal antibody can be used to increase immune regulation?

Answer 7

Abatercept

Question 8

What does ipilimumab do?

Answer 8

Anti-CTLA4 as a checkpoint inhibitor

Question 9

Name 7 different types / classes of drugs used to treat asthma

Answer 9

B2 agonists 
Anti-muscuranic 
Anti IgE
Glucorticoids
Methylxanthines
Chromoglycate 
Leukotrine receptor antagonists?

Question 10

What is montelukast?

Answer 10

It is a leukotrine receptor antagonist against LTD4 that prevents airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction

Question 11

What are side effects of montelukast?

Answer 11

Abdominal pain, thirst

Question 12

What would you use to prevent the onset of an asthma attack or in children?

Answer 12

Chromoglycate –> prevents inflammatory mediators and inhibits sensory nerve activity

Question 13

Name 3 glucorticoids

Answer 13

Prednisolone, hydrocortisol, beclamethasone

Question 14

How do glucocorticoids work?

Answer 14

Bind to GR which releases HSP complex and gains access to GRE. Direct binding and activation of transcription factors that mediate anti-inflammatory e.g. leptin protein 1, and suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators e.g. IL2, IL1.

Question 15

What is theophyilline, name another drug in its class?

Answer 15

It is a methyl xanthine, and theobromine is another dug class

Question 16

How do methylxanthines work?

Answer 16

Methylxanthines inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterases, increasing cAMP concentration to allow for smooth vessel wall dilation. It is also an antagonist of adenosine.

Question 17

Name 3 symptoms of theophylline

Answer 17

CNS stimulant effect, arrythmias, diarrhoea, tremor

Question 18

How would you administer ipratropium and when would you use it?

Answer 18

You would use this for reflex tachycardia - this is an anti-muscuranic agent. It is given by inhalation.

Question 19

What is omalizumab and how does it work?

Answer 19

Anti-Ige, binds to the Fc part of the Ige to prevent sensitization and release of mast cells.