Depression and bipolar

Question 1

Name 6 classes of drugs used to treat depression/ bipolar

Answer 1

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRI
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors NRI
MAOA inhibitors
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor SARI
3rd generation antidepressants
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors SNRI

Question 2

What class of drugs are usually used to treat bipolarism?

Answer 2

Anti-epileptics

Question 3

Drug class and function: phenylzine

Answer 3

MAO inhibitor that nonselectively inhibits the breakdown of all 3 monoamines. Side effects include dry mouth, gut disturbances, sweating, convulsions, insomnia, agitation.

Question 4

Drug class and side effects: Maclobemide

Answer 4

MAOa inhibitor that selectively inhibits the breakdown of NA and 5HT. Side effects include convulsions, insomnia, agitation, cardiac dysrhythmias, gut motility disruption, vision change, dry mouth.

Question 5

Name 3 tricyclic antidepressants and their mechanism?

Answer 5

amytriptallin, imipramine, desipramine. These prevent the reuptake of 5HT and NA, whilst also being a H1, mACHr and a1 antagonist.

Question 6

What are 3 side effects of imipramine?

Answer 6

TCA: Dry mouth, bipolar, loss in libido, sedative, convulsions, vision change

Question 7

Drug class and function: Citalopram

Answer 7

SSRI: should never be given with a MAO inhibitor, rash, tremor, loss in libido, gut disturbances, dry mouth

Question 8

Drug class and function: Sertraline

Answer 8

SSRI: should never be given with a MAO inhibitor, rash, tremor, loss in libido, gut disturbances, dry mouth

Question 9

Drug class and side effects: venlaflaxine?

Answer 9

Seratonin and noradrenaline uptake inhibitor

Side effects: sweaty, dry mouth, convulsions, gut disturbances, vision changes.

Question 10

Name a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and 3 side effects

Answer 10

Maprotilline

Hypertension, convulsions, dry mouth, sweat, GI disturbances

Question 11

Name an atypical antidepressant and 2 side effects?

Answer 11

Mirtazapine
a2 receptor antagonist, binds to 5HT1A and 5HT2A
Epileptogenesis, postural hypotension

Question 12

Drug class and function: Trazodone

Answer 12

SARI: both 5HT reuptake inhibitor and 5HT2 antagonist

Question 13

What does rolipram do?

Answer 13

PDE3 inhibitor to cause higher concentrations of cAMP and therefore further NA/ 5HT release.

Question 14

What is the theory behind using Lithium

Answer 14

Causes the depolarisation ? not yet known, narrow therapeutic window and can induce hypothyroidism, coma, nephrotoxicity