Antibacterials Flashcards
Name 7 drug antibacterial classes
Macrolides Quinolones Aminoglycosides Cyclosporins Penicillins Tetracyclin Sulphonamides
Action and function: sulphamethoxazole
It is a sulphonamide - Prevents folic acid synthesis
Action and function: metronidazole
Targets the DNA synthesis especially for anaeorobic bacteria such as H. pylori
Action and function: ciproflaxin
This is a quinolone which prevents supercoiling of DNA by blocking DNA gyrase
Action and function: tetracyclin
This is a tetracyclin which blocks the A site on ribosomes to prevent further elongation of peptide chains during translocation.
Action and function: streptomycin
This is an aminoglycoside which substitutes the A site on tRNA causing the point mutation in a protein. It is often used in conjunction with beta lactam
Action and function: clarithromycin
This is a macrolide that inhibits 50s Ribosome formation.
Action and function: ceftazidime
This is a cephalosporin which inhibits peptoglycan wall synthesis
Action and function: vancomycin
Used in reserve cases: it inhibits peptidoglycan wall synthesis by inhibiting the precursors.
Action and function: rifampicin
RNA polymerase inhibitor used in conjunction with isoniazid and ethambutol for treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Action and function: trimethroprim
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
What would you use to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isoniazid and ethambutol which inhibits mycolic wall formation. Rifampacin to inhibit RNA polymerase
Name 2 aminoglycoside
Gentamicin, streptomycin
What are side effects of aminoglycosides?
Otoxicity, nephrotoxicity, used topically
What are side effects of Beta Lactams?
Diarrhoea, hypersensitivity
What can be used during resistance?
Vancomycin
What is the function of tetracyclins and name 2
Inhibit the A site on tRNA to prevent translocation: chlortetracyclin, tetracyclin
What are 2 side effects of tetracyclin?
Dental hypoplasia, bone deformities in children
Diarrhoea, nephrotoxicity
Name a sulphonamide
Sulphamethoxazole
What are side effects of sulphonamide?
bone marrow depression, hypersensitivity
Name two quinolones and their 2 side effects?
Ciproflaxin, nalidixic acid
diarhoea, CNS agitation
Which drug is very effective in treating H. Pylori?
Metronidazole
What does trimethroprim do?
inhibit folic acid synthesis
What is used to treat meningococcal meningitis and its function?
Ciproflaxin - this is a quinolone which inhibits DNA supercoiling. Side effects include CNS agitation and diarrhoea
