Antibacterials Flashcards
Name 7 drug antibacterial classes
Macrolides Quinolones Aminoglycosides Cyclosporins Penicillins Tetracyclin Sulphonamides
Action and function: sulphamethoxazole
It is a sulphonamide - Prevents folic acid synthesis
Action and function: metronidazole
Targets the DNA synthesis especially for anaeorobic bacteria such as H. pylori
Action and function: ciproflaxin
This is a quinolone which prevents supercoiling of DNA by blocking DNA gyrase
Action and function: tetracyclin
This is a tetracyclin which blocks the A site on ribosomes to prevent further elongation of peptide chains during translocation.
Action and function: streptomycin
This is an aminoglycoside which substitutes the A site on tRNA causing the point mutation in a protein. It is often used in conjunction with beta lactam
Action and function: clarithromycin
This is a macrolide that inhibits 50s Ribosome formation.
Action and function: ceftazidime
This is a cephalosporin which inhibits peptoglycan wall synthesis
Action and function: vancomycin
Used in reserve cases: it inhibits peptidoglycan wall synthesis by inhibiting the precursors.
Action and function: rifampicin
RNA polymerase inhibitor used in conjunction with isoniazid and ethambutol for treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Action and function: trimethroprim
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
What would you use to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isoniazid and ethambutol which inhibits mycolic wall formation. Rifampacin to inhibit RNA polymerase
Name 2 aminoglycoside
Gentamicin, streptomycin
What are side effects of aminoglycosides?
Otoxicity, nephrotoxicity, used topically
What are side effects of Beta Lactams?
Diarrhoea, hypersensitivity
