Anti-virals

Question 1

Name 3 drugs that can be used to treat HIV

Answer 1

zidovudine, saquinavir, nevirapine

Lamivudine, ritonavir, idinovir

Question 2

Name a drug used to treat Herpes simplex and VZV

Answer 2

Acyclovir, Foscarnet

Question 3

Name a drug used to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis

Answer 3

Ganciclovir

Question 4

Name 2 neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 4

zanemivir, oseltamivir

Question 5

what are 2 drugs you would use to treat influenza?

Answer 5

Neuraminidase inhibitors: zanemivir / oseltamivir

M2 inhibitors: amantadine

Question 6

How is acyclovir eliminated?

Answer 6

Renal

Question 7

How is amantadine eliminated?

Answer 7

Renal

Question 8

How is AZT eliminated?

Answer 8

Metabolism

Question 9

Drug function: Lamivudine

Answer 9

dNTP analogue without 3OH side chain to cause chain-chain termination by reverse transcriptase

Question 10

Drug function: Nevarapine

Answer 10

NNRT - binds to reverse transcriptase allosterically

Question 11

Drug function: Indinavir

Answer 11

Protease inhibitor to prevent cleaving of mature protein components

Question 12

Drug function: forscarnet

Answer 12

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase allosterically

Question 13

Drug function: amantadine

Answer 13

Prevents M2 from acidifying the endosome containing virus, to prevent its release for H. influenza

Question 14

Drug function: zanamivir, oseltamivir

Answer 14

Neuroaminidase inhibitors that prevent cleaving of haemogluttinin from sialic acid to allow budding of virus.

Question 15

What is a side effect of foscarnet?

Answer 15

Renal damage

Question 16

What is a side effect of zanamivir

Answer 16

Dizziness, GI disturbances, rashes

Question 17

What is side effects of oseltamivir

Answer 17

Dizziness, GI disturbances, rashes

Question 18

What are side effects of inteferons

Answer 18

hepatoxicity, dizziness, fever, headache, myalgia

Question 19

What can interferons be used for and how do they work?

Answer 19

Used for hep b and hep c to recruit host enzymes that degrade both viral mRNA and host cell mRNA

Question 20

What does HAART include?

Answer 20

NRT (zidovudine, lamivudine, dideooxyinosine, dideooxycytidine)
NNRT (nevaripine)
Protease inhibitors (saquinivir, idinavir, ritonavir)
all at submaximal doses to minimise toxicity

Question 21

How is zanamivir given?

Answer 21

Intranasally

Question 22

How is oseltamivir given?

Answer 22

Orally

Question 23

What are 2 side effects of interferons?

Answer 23

Myalgia, headache, fever