Anti-virals Flashcards
Name 3 drugs that can be used to treat HIV
zidovudine, saquinavir, nevirapine
Lamivudine, ritonavir, idinovir
Name a drug used to treat Herpes simplex and VZV
Acyclovir, Foscarnet
Name a drug used to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis
Ganciclovir
Name 2 neuraminidase inhibitors
zanemivir, oseltamivir
what are 2 drugs you would use to treat influenza?
Neuraminidase inhibitors: zanemivir / oseltamivir
M2 inhibitors: amantadine
How is acyclovir eliminated?
Renal
How is amantadine eliminated?
Renal
How is AZT eliminated?
Metabolism
Drug function: Lamivudine
dNTP analogue without 3OH side chain to cause chain-chain termination by reverse transcriptase
Drug function: Nevarapine
NNRT - binds to reverse transcriptase allosterically
Drug function: Indinavir
Protease inhibitor to prevent cleaving of mature protein components
Drug function: forscarnet
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase allosterically
Drug function: amantadine
Prevents M2 from acidifying the endosome containing virus, to prevent its release for H. influenza
Drug function: zanamivir, oseltamivir
Neuroaminidase inhibitors that prevent cleaving of haemogluttinin from sialic acid to allow budding of virus.
What is a side effect of foscarnet?
Renal damage
What is a side effect of zanamivir
Dizziness, GI disturbances, rashes
What is side effects of oseltamivir
Dizziness, GI disturbances, rashes
What are side effects of inteferons
hepatoxicity, dizziness, fever, headache, myalgia
What can interferons be used for and how do they work?
Used for hep b and hep c to recruit host enzymes that degrade both viral mRNA and host cell mRNA
What does HAART include?
NRT (zidovudine, lamivudine, dideooxyinosine, dideooxycytidine) NNRT (nevaripine) Protease inhibitors (saquinivir, idinavir, ritonavir) all at submaximal doses to minimise toxicity
How is zanamivir given?
Intranasally
How is oseltamivir given?
Orally
What are 2 side effects of interferons?
Myalgia, headache, fever
