Drugs and the kidney

Question 1

What is the mechanism of furosemide and what is it mainly used for?

Answer 1

Loop diuretic - inhibit NKCC2 co-transporter to diminish medullary osmotic gradient and reduce water absorption in descending limb and collecting duct as medulla is less hyeprtonic, increase Ca2+ and Mg2+ excretion

Pulmonary oedema and left ventricular failure

Question 2

What is the mechanism of bendroflumethiazide

Answer 2

Inhibit Na/Cl transporter in DCT, reducing reabosrption of Na Cl,

Question 3

What are side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 3

Hyperglycaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalamiea

Question 4

How do K+ sparing diuretics work?

Answer 4

Inhibition of sodium reabsorption of DCT and retainment of K+

Question 5

What is acetazolamide?

Answer 5

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 6

How does acetazolamide work?

Answer 6

Inhibit re-absorption of bicarbonate from PCT –> SODIUM BICARBONATE EXCRETION INCREASES WITH WATER.

Question 7

Which drug in the kidney can cause metabolic acidosis

Answer 7

Acetazolamide because Cl is not exchanged for.