Diabetes and Obesity Flashcards
What are the 4 drug classes used to treat diabetes?
Insulin
Thiazelenediones
Biguanides
Sulfonyureas
What is tolbutamine, name another drug in its class
A sulfonyrueas, glibenclamide
How do sulfonyureas work?
They sensitise K+ ATP sensitive channels to cause depolarisation to the pancreatic beta cells, allowing insulin release.
What is pioglitazone and how does it work?
It is a thiazelenedione, and it works by sensitising the PPARy receptor to stimulate uptake of insulin e.g. IRS1, IRS2, GLUT4. It is responsible for the uptake of glucose via GLUT4 primarily in adipose tissue and muscle.
What is a side effect of thiazelenedione?
Bladder cancer
What are side effects of tolbutamine and glibenclamide?
Weight gain, increased appetite
What are side effects of metformin?
Lactic acidosis, decreased B12 absorption,
How does metformin work?
Decreasing gluconeogenesis and increases GLUT4 expression for glucose uptake. Suppresses appetite
How would you treat Obesity?
Orlistat - pancreatic lipase inhibitor
What is a side effect of orlistat?
Faecal fat
How is metformin eliminated?
Via the kidney
What is liraglutide?
Binds and activates GLP1 to increase insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion, and also slows gastric emptying
What is a side effect of liraglutide?
Renal impairment, thirst
