Fundamentals: Chapter 7

Question 1

What is Caring?

Answer 1

The universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another

Question 2

What does an act of caring depend on?

Answer 2

the needs, problems, and values of the patient

Question 3

Why is caring important for patient care?

Answer 3

helps protect, develop, nurture, and provide survival to people

Question 4

How can a nurse make caring more effective with a diverse population?

Answer 4

nurses need to learn culturally specific behaviors and words that reflect human caring in different cultures to identify and meet the needs of all patients

Question 5

What is the goal of transpersonal caring?

Answer 5

looks for deeper sources of inner healing to protect, enhance, and preserve a person’s dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony

puts care before cure

Question 6

Why is the Watson’s care model of caring transformative?

Answer 6

the relationship influences both the nurse and the patient for better or for worse

Question 7

Describe the Swanson theory of caring

Answer 7

Caring is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility

Question 8

List Watson’s 10 carative factors

Answer 8

Forming a human-altruistic value system

Instilling faith-hope

Cultivating a sensitivity to one’s self and to others

Developing a helping, trusting, human caring relationship

Promoting and expressing positive and negative feelings

Using creative problem-solving, caring processes

Promoting transpersonal teaching-learning

Providing for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment

Meeting human needs

Allowing for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces

Question 9

List the 5 processes of Swanson’s theory of caring

Answer 9

1) Knowing
2) Being with
3) Doing for
4) Enabling
5) Maintaining belief

Question 10

Describe the “knowing” process of Swanson’s theory of caring

Answer 10

Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other

Question 11

Describe the “being with” process of Swanson’s theory of caring

Answer 11

Being emotionally present to the other

Question 12

Describe the “doing for” process of Swanson’s theory of caring

Answer 12

Doing for the other as he or she would do for self if it were at all possible

Question 13

Describe the “enabling” process of Swanson’s theory of caring

Answer 13

Facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions (e.g., birth, death) and unfamiliar events

Question 14

Describe the “maintaining belief” process of Swanson’s theory of caring

Answer 14

Sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning

Question 15

What do patients expect from their caregivers?

Answer 15

Patients continue to value nurses’ effectiveness in performing tasks; but clearly patients value the affective dimension of nursing care

Question 16

How is a patient’s dignity affected by caring?

Answer 16

Caring for other human beings protects, enhances, and preserves human dignity

Question 17

Define Ethics

Answer 17

The ideals of right and wrong behavior

Question 18

Describe an Ethic of Care

Answer 18

The relationships between people and with a nurse’s character and attitude toward others

Question 19

What are nurses who function from ethic of care are sensitive to?

Answer 19

Unequal relationships that lead to an abuse of one person’s power over another—intentional or otherwise

Question 20

What behaviors are included in caring?

Answer 20

providing presence, offering a caring touch, and listening

Question 21

What does providing presence mean?

Answer 21

a person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and sense of caring

Question 22

What does it mean to offer a caring touch?

Answer 22

The use of touch is one comforting approach that reaches out to patients to communicate concern and support. Touch is relational and leads to a connection between nurse and patient

Question 23

Explain the difference between contact touch and noncontact touch

Answer 23

Contact touch involves obvious skin-to-skin contact, whereas noncontact touch refers to eye contact

Question 24

What are the 3 catagories of touch?

Answer 24

task-oriented touch, caring touch, and protective touch

Question 25

Describe Task-oriented touch

Answer 25

Nurses use task-oriented touch when performing a task or procedure. The skillful and gentle performance of a nursing procedure conveys security and a sense of competence

Question 26

Describe Caring touch

Answer 26

a form of nonverbal communication, which successfully influences a patient’s comfort and security, enhances self-esteem, increases confidence of the caregivers, and improves mental well-being

Question 27

Describe Protective touch

Answer 27

a form of touch that protects the nurse and/or patient.

can be positive or negative

Question 28

Why is it important for a patient to be able to tell their story?

Answer 28

helps the patient break the distress of illness

Question 29

What is the key to listening effectively?

Answer 29

you need to silence yourself and listen with openness

Question 30

What does it mean for a nurse to know a patient

Answer 30

The nurse avoids assumptions, focuses on the patient, and engages in a caring relationship with the patient that reveals information and cues that facilitate critical thinking and clinical judgments

Question 31

List 5 factors that contribute to knowing a patient

Answer 31

time, continuity of care, team work of the nursing staff, trust, and experience

Question 32

What is spiritual health?

Answer 32

a person finding a balance between his or her own life values, goals, and belief systems and those of others

Question 33

What are the three ways that spirituality offers a sense of connectedness?

Answer 33

Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Transpersonal

Question 34

In what ways does human suffering affect a patient?

Answer 34

physically, emotionally, socially, and spiritually

Question 35

Why is family care important?

Answer 35

Each person experiences life through relationships with others. Thus caring for an individual cannot occur in isolation from that person’s family.

Question 36

What are important nursing behaviors that help with a family’s perception of quality care?

Answer 36

• Being honest
• Advocating for patient’s care preferences
• Giving clear explanations
• Keeping family members informed
• Asking permission before doing something to a patient
• Providing comfort (e.g., offering warm blanket, rubbing a patient’s back)
• Reading patient passages from religious texts, favorite book, cards, or mail
• Providing for and maintaining patient privacy
• Assuring the patient that nursing services will be available
• Helping patients do as much for themselves as possible
• Teaching the family how to keep the relative physically comfortable

Question 37

What is listening?

Answer 37

“taking in” what a patient says and interpreting and understanding what the patient is saying and giving back that understanding