Fundamentals: Chapter 29; BP

Question 1

What is the force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart?

Answer 1

Blood Pressure

Question 2

Blood moves from an area of ________ pressure to an area of __________ pressure.

Answer 2

high; low

Question 3

What is the peak of maximum pressure when blood ejection from the heart occurs?

Answer 3

systolic pressure

Question 4

When the ventricles relax, the blood remaining in the arteries exerts a minimum pressure. What is this pressure called?

Answer 4

diastolic pressure

Question 5

What is the standard unit for measuring BP?

Answer 5

mmHg (millimeters of mercury)

Question 6

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?

Answer 6

pulse pressure

Question 7

What happens to BP as CO increases?

Answer 7

BP rises

Question 8

What factors increase CO?

Answer 8

an increase in HR, greater heart muscle contractility, or an increase in blood volume

Question 9

As peripheral vascular resistance increases (vessel constriction), what happens to BP?

Answer 9

BP rises

Question 10

As peripheral vascular resistance decreases (vessel dilation), what happens to BP?

Answer 10

BP drops

Question 11

What is the average blood volume in an adult?

Answer 11

5000ml (5 L)

Question 12

What is the term for the percentage of RBCs in the blood?

Answer 12

hematocrit

Question 13

What determines the viscosity of the blood

Answer 13

hematocrit level

Question 14

How does increased elasticity of blood vessels effect BP?

Answer 14

BP drops

Question 15

How does decreased elasticity of blood vessels effect BP?

Answer 15

BP rises

Question 16

How does opioid analgesics effect BP?

Answer 16

BP drops

Question 17

What are the 4 classifications of blood pressure and their associated limits?

Answer 17

Normal
<120/80

Prehypertension†
120-139/80-89

Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99

Stage 2 hypertension
≥160/100

Question 18

How do diuretics effect BP?

Answer 18

Lowers blood pressure by reducing resorption of sodium and water by the kidneys, thus lowering circulating fluid volume

Question 19

How do beta-adrenergic blockers effect BP?

Answer 19

Combines with beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, arteries, and arterioles to block response to sympathetic nerve impulses; reduces heart rate and thus cardiac output

Question 20

How do vasodilators effect BP?

Answer 20

Acts on arteriolar smooth muscle to cause relaxation and reduce peripheral vascular resistance

Question 21

How do calcium channel blockers effect BP?

Answer 21

Reduces peripheral vascular resistance by systemic vasodilation

Question 22

How do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors effect BP?

Answer 22

Lowers blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, preventing vasoconstriction; reduces aldosterone production and fluid retention, lowering circulating fluid volume

Question 23

How do angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) effect BP?

Answer 23

Lowers blood pressure by blocking the binding of angiotensin II, which prevents vasoconstriction

Question 24

How does smoking effect BP?

Answer 24

results in vasoconstriction, a narrowing of blood vessels thus increasing BP

Question 25

What is the term for when a normotensive person develops symptoms and low BP when rising to an upright position

Answer 25

orthostatic hypotension (aka postural hypotension)

Question 26

How does a nurse assess for orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 26

obtain BP and pulse with the patient supine, sitting, and standing and obtain BP readings 1 to 3 minutes after the patient changes position