Fundamentals: Chapter 2

Question 1

Define: Palliative Care

Answer 1

Providing appropriate and compassionate care for patients experiencing advanced illnesses

Question 2

Define: overuse

Answer 2

Reducing waste to achieve effective, affordable care

Question 3

What is managed care?

Answer 3

Health care systems in which the provider or health care system receives a predetermined capitated payment for each patient enrolled in the program.

Question 4

What is capitation?

Answer 4

Providers receive a fixed amount per patient or enrollee of a health care plan

Question 5

Give examples of Primary care

Answer 5

• Prenatal and well-baby care
• Nutrition counseling
• Family planning
• Exercise classes

Question 6

Give examples of Preventive Care

Answer 6

• Blood pressure and cancer screening
• Immunizations
• Mental health counseling and crisis prevention
• Community legislation (e.g., seat belts, air bags, bike helmets)

Question 7

Give examples of Secondary Acute Care

Answer 7

• Emergency care
• Acute medical-surgical care
• Radiological procedures for acute problems (e.g., x-rays, CT scans)

Question 8

Give examples of Tertiary Care

Answer 8

• Intensive care

* Subacute care

Question 9

Give examples of Restorative Care

Answer 9

• Cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation
• Sports medicine
• Spinal cord injury programs
• Home care

Question 10

Give examples of Continuing Care

Answer 10

• Assisted living

* Psychiatric and older adult day care

Question 11

Who is the fastest growing group of uninsured citizens?

Answer 11

young adults between the ages of 19 and 34

Question 12

When does discharge planning begin?

Answer 12

the moment a patient is admitted to a health care facility

Question 13

What is discharge planning?

Answer 13

a centralized, coordinated, interdisciplinary process that ensures that the patient has a plan for continuing care after leaving a health care agency.

Question 14

What kind of instruction/education do patients need when leaving a health care facility?

Answer 14

• Safe and effective use of medications and medical equipment
• Instruction in potential food-drug interactions and counseling on nutrition and modified diets
• Rehabilitation techniques to support adaptation to and/or functional independence in the environment
• Access to available and appropriate community resources
• When and how to obtain further treatment
• The patient’s and family’s responsibilities in the patient’s ongoing health care needs and the knowledge and skills needed to carry out those responsibilities
• When to notify their health care provider for changes in functioning or new symptoms

Question 15

What is evidence-based practice?

Answer 15

a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that involves the conscientious use of current best evidence, along with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making decisions about patient care

Question 16

What are Nursing sensitive outcomes?

Answer 16

Patient outcomes and select nursing workforce characteristics that are directly related to nursing care such as changes in patients’ symptom experiences, functional status, safety, psychological distress, registered nurse (RN) job satisfaction, total nursing hours per patient day, and costs.

Question 17

What are nursing informatics?

Answer 17

use of information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision-making

Question 18

How does nursing knowledge develop?

Answer 18

when nurses combine and identify relationships between different pieces of information

Question 19

Who are the vulnerable populations most threatened by urbanization?

Answer 19

Children, women, and older adults

Question 20

What is the Medicare prospective reimbursement system is based upon?

Answer 20

payment calculated on the basis of DRG assignment

Question 21

Where does health promotion occur?

Answer 21

home, work, and community settings

Question 22

What does successful community based programs involve?

Answer 22

building relationships with the community and incorporating cultural and environmental factors

Question 23

Why do hospitalized patients require better coordination of services before discharge

Answer 23

they are acutely ill

Question 24

Why is rehabilitation important?

Answer 24

It allows an individual to return to a level of normal or near-normal function after a physical or mental illness, injury, or chemical dependency.

Question 25

What is the emphasis of home care facilities?

Answer 25

patient and family independence

Question 26

Why do nurses need to remain knowledgeable and proactive about issues in the health care delivery system?

Answer 26

to provide quality patient care and positively affect health

Question 27

List the Nursing Quality Indicators:

Answer 27

• Patient falls
• Patient falls with injury
• Pressure ulcers—community acquired, hospital acquired, unit acquired
• Staff mix
• Nursing hours per patient day
• Registered nurse (RN) surveys on job satisfaction and practice environment scale
• RN education and certification
• Pediatric pain assessment cycle
• Pediatric intravenous infiltration rate
• Psychiatric patient assault rate
• Restraint prevalence
• Nurse turnover
• Hospital-acquired infections of ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line–associated bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection