Fundamentals: Chapter 15 Flashcards
What factors does a professional nurse rely on when deciding if a patient is having complications that call for notification of a health care provider?
knowledge and experience
What is clinical decision making?
judgment that includes critical and reflective thinking and action and application of scientific and practical logic
What is the continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perserverence, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant?
critical thinking
What are the 4 basic parts of critical thinking?
Recognizing an issue
Analyzing relevant information
Evaluating the information
Making conclusions
What kind of questions do critical thinkers ask themselves?
Why?
What am I missing?
What do I really know about this patient’s situation?
What are my options?
What are the 6 important critical thinking skills?
Interpretation
Analysis
Inference
Evaluation
Explanation
Self-regulation
What are the 7 important behavioral concepts that a critical thinker must exhibit?
Truth seeking
Open Mindedness
Analyticity
Systematicity
Self-confidence
Inquisitiveness
Maturity
What are the levels of critical thinking?
Basic (lvl 1)
Complex (lvl 2)
Commitment (lv 3)
What is the thinking process for a basic critical thinker?
Thinking is concrete and based on a set of rules and principles. Also trusts that experts have the right answer to every problem.
What is the thinking process for a complex critical thinker?
They analyze and examine choices more independently. Their thinking abilities and initiative to look beyond expert opinion begin to change and they learn that alternative and perhaps conflicting solutions exists.
What is the thinking process for a commitment level critical thinker?
Anticipates when to make choices and accepts accountability. Choose an action or belief based on available alternatives and support it.
What are the general critical thinking process?
Scientific Method
Problem Solving
Decision Making
What is the purpose of the scientific method in nursing?
Scientific approach using reasoning.
What are the five steps of the scientific method?
Identify Data Hypothesis Testing Evaluating
Why does effective problem solving involve evaluating the solution over time?
To make sure that the solution was effective.
What should be done if a problem recurs despite intervention?
Try different options to address the problems.
What is a product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution?
Decision Making
What can the decision making criteria be based upon?
Personal criteria
Organizational policy
Professional standard
What is the analytical process for determining a patient’s health problem?
diagnostic reasoning
When does diagnostic reasoning begin?
When you interact with a patient or make physical or behavioral observations.
What is the process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence and previous experience with the evidence?
inference (part of diagnostic reasoning)
What does inference in diagnostic reasoning involve?
forming patterns of information from data before making a diagnosis
What are the five steps for the nursing process?
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
What are the five components of the critical thinking model?
Knowledge base
Experience
Critical thinking competencies
Attitudes
Standards
What does a nurse’s knowledge include?
basic nursing education
continuing education courses
additional college degrees
additional nursing literature
What does a new nurse need in order to acquire clinical decision-making skills?
clinical learning experiences
What does an independently thinking nurse do?
Ask questions, look for evidence behind clinical problems, challenge the way others think and look for rational and logical answers to problems
How does a nurse show fairness when thinking critcally?
Does not allow bias or prejudice to enter into a decision
What do professional standards for critical thinking refer to?
ethical criteria for nursing judgments
evidence-based criteria used for evaluation
criteria for professional responsibility
Why is it necessary to set the minimum requirements for evidence-based evaluation criteria?
to ensure appropriate and high-quality care
What is the process of purposefully thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning?
reflection
What is a visual representation of patient problems and interventions that shows their relationships to one another?
concept map
What is the primary purpose of concept mapping?
to better synthesize relevant data about a patient, including assessment data, nursing diagnoses, health needs, nursing interventions, and evaluation measures
What makes a new nurse a good critical thinker?
dedication and a desire to grow intellectually.
What do nurses who apply critical thinking in their work focus on?
options for solving problems and making decisions rather than rapidly and carelessly forming quick, single solutions
