Fundamentals: Chapter 27

Question 1

What is the QSEN safety competency for nurses?

Answer 1

Minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance

Question 2

What are the physiological effect of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 2

affects a person’s oxygenation by binding with hemoglobin, preventing the formation of oxyhemoglobin and thus reducing the supply of oxygen delivered to tissues

Question 3

How does hypothermia occur?

Answer 3

the core body temperature is 35° C (95° F) or below

Question 4

What is a poison?

Answer 4

any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body

Question 5

What are some common physical hazards that lead to falls?

Answer 5

inadequate lighting, barriers along normal walking paths and stairways, and a lack of safety devices in the home

Question 6

What is the leading cause of fire related death?

Answer 6

careless smoking, especially when people smoke in bed at home

Question 7

What is a pathogen?

Answer 7

any microorganism capable of producing an illness

Question 8

What is the most common means of pathogen transmission?

Answer 8

the hands

Question 9

What is active immunity?

Answer 9

injection of a small amount of attenuated (weakened) or dead organisms or modified toxins from the organism (toxoids) into the body

Question 10

What is passive immunity?

Answer 10

antibodies produced by other persons or animals are introduced into a person’s bloodstream for protection against a pathogen

Question 11

What is a pollutant?

Answer 11

is a harmful chemical or waste material discharged into the water, soil, or air.

Question 12

What are risks to a patient’s safety within the health care environment? (4 catagories)

Answer 12

falls, patient-inherent accidents, procedure-related accidents, and equipment-related accidents

Question 13

What are factors that the nurse can influence that can prevent falls?

Answer 13

assessment and communication about patient risks, information access, signage, the environment, teamwork, and involving the patient and family

Question 14

What are patient-inherent accidents?

Answer 14

accidents (other than falls) in which the patient is the primary reason for the accident

Question 15

What is one of the more common precipitating factors for a patient-inherent accident?

Answer 15

seizure

Question 16

What are procedure related accidents?

Answer 16

accidents caused by health care providers and include medication and fluid administration errors, improper application of external devices, and accidents related to improper performance of procedures

Question 17

What are equipment related accidents?

Answer 17

Accidents that result from the malfunction, disrepair, or misuse of equipment or from an electrical hazard.

Question 18

What does successful critical thinking involve?

Answer 18

synthesis of knowledge, experience, information gathered from patients, critical thinking attitudes, and intellectual and professional standards

Question 19

Nursing diagnoses for patients with safety risk include which factors?

Answer 19

• Risk for falls
• Impaired home maintenance
• Risk for injury
• Deficient knowledge
• Risk for poisoning
• Risk for suffocation
• Risk for trauma

Question 20

What are defining characteristics?

Answer 20

Related signs and symptoms or clusters of data that support the nursing diagnosis

Question 21

What does SBAR stand for?

Answer 21

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

Question 22

What are passive strategies for health promotion?

Answer 22

public health and government legislative interventions

Question 23

What are active strategies for health promotion?

Answer 23

actively involve the individual through changes in lifestyle and participation in wellness programs

Question 24

When using a fire extinguisher, what does the acronym PASS stand for?

Answer 24

Pull the pin to unlock handle,
Aim low at the base of the fire,
Squeezethe handles,
Sweep the unit from side to side

Question 25

What do you do if If poisoning is caused by skin or eye contact?

Answer 25

irrigate the skin or eye with copious amounts of cool tap water for 15 to 20 minutes

Question 26

What are chemical restraints?

Answer 26

medications used to manage a patient’s behavior and are not a standard treatment or dosage for the patient’s condition

Question 27

What are physical restraints?

Answer 27

manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his or her arms, legs, body, or head freely

Question 28

Who is allowed to determine if a patient is to be restrained?

Answer 28

their physician

Question 29

What must an order for restraints include?

Answer 29

must be current, state the type and location of restraint, and specify the duration and circumstances under which it will be used

Question 30

During a fire, what does RACE stand for?

Answer 30

R—Rescue and remove all patients in immediate danger.
A—Activate the alarm. Always do this before attempting to extinguish even a minor fire.

C—Confine the fire by closing doors and windows and turning off oxygen and electrical equipment.

E—Extinguish the fire using an appropriate extinguisher

Question 31

What are the limitations of Type A fire extinguishers?

Answer 31

ordinary combustibles (e.g., wood, cloth, paper, and many plastic items)

Question 32

What are the limitations of Type B fire extinguishers?

Answer 32

flammable liquids (e.g., gasoline, grease, paint, and anesthetic gas)

Question 33

What are the limitations of Type A fire extinguishers?

Answer 33

electrical equipment

Question 34

What is a seizure?

Answer 34

hyperexcitation and disorderly discharge of neurons in the brain leading to a sudden, violent, involuntary series of muscle contractions that is paroxysmal and episodic, causing loss of consciousness, falling, tonicity and clonicity.

Question 35

What is tonicity?

Answer 35

rigidity of muscles

Question 36

What is clonicity?

Answer 36

jerking of muscles

Question 37

What is an aura?

Answer 37

often a bright light, smell, or taste

Question 38

What is the postical phase of a seizure?

Answer 38

post seizure phase during which the patient has amnesia or confusion and falls into a deep sleep

Question 39

What is status epilepticus?

Answer 39

Prolonged or repeated seizures

Question 40

What are seizure precautions?

Answer 40

nursing interventions to protect the patient from traumatic injury, position for adequate ventilation and drainage of oral secretions, and provide privacy and support following the seizure

Question 41

What is the greatest risk for children under 5?

Answer 41

home accidents that result in severe injury and death.

Question 42

What is the greatest risk for school aged children?

Answer 42

injury at home, at school, and while traveling to and from school.

Question 43

What is the greatest risk for adolescents?

Answer 43

automobile accidents, suicide, and substance abuse.

Question 44

What are threats to an adult’s safety frequently associated with?

Answer 44

lifestyle habits

Question 45

What are the risks for older people directly related to?

Answer 45

the physiological changes of the aging process.