Fundamentals: Chapter 27 Flashcards
What is the QSEN safety competency for nurses?
Minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance
What are the physiological effect of carbon monoxide poisoning?
affects a person’s oxygenation by binding with hemoglobin, preventing the formation of oxyhemoglobin and thus reducing the supply of oxygen delivered to tissues
How does hypothermia occur?
the core body temperature is 35° C (95° F) or below
What is a poison?
any substance that impairs health or destroys life when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the body
What are some common physical hazards that lead to falls?
inadequate lighting, barriers along normal walking paths and stairways, and a lack of safety devices in the home
What is the leading cause of fire related death?
careless smoking, especially when people smoke in bed at home
What is a pathogen?
any microorganism capable of producing an illness
What is the most common means of pathogen transmission?
the hands
What is active immunity?
injection of a small amount of attenuated (weakened) or dead organisms or modified toxins from the organism (toxoids) into the body
What is passive immunity?
antibodies produced by other persons or animals are introduced into a person’s bloodstream for protection against a pathogen
What is a pollutant?
is a harmful chemical or waste material discharged into the water, soil, or air.
What are risks to a patient’s safety within the health care environment? (4 catagories)
falls, patient-inherent accidents, procedure-related accidents, and equipment-related accidents
What are factors that the nurse can influence that can prevent falls?
assessment and communication about patient risks, information access, signage, the environment, teamwork, and involving the patient and family
What are patient-inherent accidents?
accidents (other than falls) in which the patient is the primary reason for the accident
What is one of the more common precipitating factors for a patient-inherent accident?
seizure
What are procedure related accidents?
accidents caused by health care providers and include medication and fluid administration errors, improper application of external devices, and accidents related to improper performance of procedures
What are equipment related accidents?
Accidents that result from the malfunction, disrepair, or misuse of equipment or from an electrical hazard.
What does successful critical thinking involve?
synthesis of knowledge, experience, information gathered from patients, critical thinking attitudes, and intellectual and professional standards
Nursing diagnoses for patients with safety risk include which factors?
- Risk for falls
- Impaired home maintenance
- Risk for injury
- Deficient knowledge
- Risk for poisoning
- Risk for suffocation
- Risk for trauma
What are defining characteristics?
Related signs and symptoms or clusters of data that support the nursing diagnosis
What does SBAR stand for?
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
What are passive strategies for health promotion?
public health and government legislative interventions
What are active strategies for health promotion?
actively involve the individual through changes in lifestyle and participation in wellness programs
When using a fire extinguisher, what does the acronym PASS stand for?
Pull the pin to unlock handle,
Aim low at the base of the fire,
Squeezethe handles,
Sweep the unit from side to side
What do you do if If poisoning is caused by skin or eye contact?
irrigate the skin or eye with copious amounts of cool tap water for 15 to 20 minutes
What are chemical restraints?
medications used to manage a patient’s behavior and are not a standard treatment or dosage for the patient’s condition
What are physical restraints?
manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his or her arms, legs, body, or head freely
Who is allowed to determine if a patient is to be restrained?
their physician
What must an order for restraints include?
must be current, state the type and location of restraint, and specify the duration and circumstances under which it will be used
During a fire, what does RACE stand for?
R—Rescue and remove all patients in immediate danger.
A—Activate the alarm. Always do this before attempting to extinguish even a minor fire.
C—Confine the fire by closing doors and windows and turning off oxygen and electrical equipment.
E—Extinguish the fire using an appropriate extinguisher
What are the limitations of Type A fire extinguishers?
ordinary combustibles (e.g., wood, cloth, paper, and many plastic items)
What are the limitations of Type B fire extinguishers?
flammable liquids (e.g., gasoline, grease, paint, and anesthetic gas)
What are the limitations of Type A fire extinguishers?
electrical equipment
What is a seizure?
hyperexcitation and disorderly discharge of neurons in the brain leading to a sudden, violent, involuntary series of muscle contractions that is paroxysmal and episodic, causing loss of consciousness, falling, tonicity and clonicity.
What is tonicity?
rigidity of muscles
What is clonicity?
jerking of muscles
What is an aura?
often a bright light, smell, or taste
What is the postical phase of a seizure?
post seizure phase during which the patient has amnesia or confusion and falls into a deep sleep
What is status epilepticus?
Prolonged or repeated seizures
What are seizure precautions?
nursing interventions to protect the patient from traumatic injury, position for adequate ventilation and drainage of oral secretions, and provide privacy and support following the seizure
What is the greatest risk for children under 5?
home accidents that result in severe injury and death.
What is the greatest risk for school aged children?
injury at home, at school, and while traveling to and from school.
What is the greatest risk for adolescents?
automobile accidents, suicide, and substance abuse.
What are threats to an adult’s safety frequently associated with?
lifestyle habits
What are the risks for older people directly related to?
the physiological changes of the aging process.
