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Ruben's Nursing 50A > Fundamentals: Chapter 31 > Flashcards

Fundamentals: Chapter 31 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chemical name of a medication?

A

An exact description of its composition and molecular structure

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2
Q

What is the generic name of a medication?

A

the name given to a medication by the manufacturer who first develops it

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3
Q

What is the trade name of a medication?

A

the name under which a manufacturer markets a medication

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4
Q

What is a medication classification?

A

indicates the effect of the medication on a body system, the symptoms the medication relieves, or its desired effect

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5
Q

What is the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action, metabolize, and exit the body?

A

pharmacokinetics

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6
Q

What is the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of medication administration?

A

absorption

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7
Q

What route of administration produces the most rapid absorption?

A

IV

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8
Q

When is medication absorption complete?

A

When it is absorbed into the blood

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9
Q

Which three factors effect the ability of a medication to dissolve?

A

Blood flow to the site of administration

Body surface area

Lipid solubility

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10
Q

How does body surface area effect absorption of medications?

A

large surface area = faster absorption rate

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11
Q

Which three factors effect the distribution of a medication?

A

Circulation

Membrane permeability

Protein binding

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12
Q

What kind of medications can pass through the blood-brain barrier?

A

fat-soluble

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13
Q

How does protein binding effect distribution of a medication?

A

medications bound to albumin cannot exert pharmacological activity

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14
Q

How does age effect protein binding?

A

Older adults have less protein, therefore less medication binds to protein which leads to increased med activity and/or toxicity.

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15
Q

What happens to medication once it reaches the site of action?

A

it becomes metabolized into a less active or inactive form that is easier to excrete

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16
Q

What is the term for the removal of the toxic quality of a substance?

A

detoxify

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17
Q

Where does most biotransformation occur?

A

liver

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18
Q

Where is a medication excreted after metabolism?

A

Kidneys, Liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands

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19
Q

What is the purpose of deep breathing and coughing?

A

helps patients to eliminate anesthetic gases more rapidly

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20
Q

What is the main organ for medication excretion?

A

kidney

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21
Q

What are the types of medication actions?

A

Therapeutic

Adverse

Side

Toxic

Idiosyncratic

Allergic

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22
Q

What is the therapeutic effect?

A

the expected or predicted physiological response to a medication

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23
Q

What is a side effect?

A

predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic dose

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24
Q

What are adverse effects?

A

unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable severe responses to medications

25
Q

What are idiosyncratic reactions?

A

patient overreacts or under-reacts to a medication has a reaction different from normal

26
Q

What is a severe allergic reaction characterized by?

A

sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, server wheezing, SOB

27
Q

What is a synergistic effect?

A

when two medications have a combined effect that is greater than the effect of medications when given separately

28
Q

What are time critical medications?

A

meds in which early or delayed administration of maintenance doses (30 min before/after) will most likely cause harm or result in sub-therapeutic responses in a patient.

29
Q

What is the time it takes after a medication is administered for it to produce a response?

A

Onset

30
Q

What is the time it takes for a medication to reach it’s highest effective concentration?

A

Peak

31
Q

What is term for when the minimum blood serum concentration of a medication reached just before the next scheduled dose?

A

Trough

32
Q

What is the time during which the medication is present in concentration great enough to produce a response?

A

Duration

33
Q

What is the term for when the therapeutic blood serum concentration of a medication has been reached and is maintained after repeated doses?

A

Plateau

34
Q

What is the easiest and most commonly used route for medication administration?

A

Oral

35
Q

When giving a sublingual medication, what is an important nursing education for the patient?

A

Do not drink anything until the medication is completely dissolved

36
Q

When giving buccal meddications, what is an important nursing education for the patient?

A

alternate cheeks with each subsequent dose, do not chew or swallow, do not take any liquids

37
Q

Explain the epidural route:

A

medications administered in the epidural space via a catheter

38
Q

Explain the intrathecal route:

A

medications administered through a catheter placed in the subarachnoid space or one of the the ventricles of the brain.

39
Q

Explain the Intraosseous route:

A

infusion of medication directly into the bone marrow

40
Q

Explain intraperitoneal route:

A

medications administered into the peritoneal cavity

41
Q

Explain the intrapleural route:

A

a syringe and needle or a chest tube is used to administer medications directly into the pleural

42
Q

What is the pleurodesis?

A

instilling medications through the intraplural route that help resolve persistent pleural effusion

43
Q

Explain the intraarterial route:

A

medications adminstered directly into the arteries

44
Q

What situations are intraarterial infusions common?

A

in patients who have arterial clots

45
Q

What are the 5 ways nurses can administer medications to mucous membranes?

A

Direct via liquid or ointment

Inserting into body cavity

Instilling fluid into a body cavity

Irrigating a body cavity

Spraying into body cavity

46
Q

Pediatric IM doses do not usually exceed ______ml in small children and ______ml in infants.

A

1ml

0.5ml

47
Q

Pediatric subcutaneous doses do not usually exceed _____ml.

A

0.5ml

48
Q

To what decimal places are pediatric doses usually rounded to?

A

thousandths

49
Q

Who can write a medication order?

A

Physician

Nurse Practitioner

Physician’s Assistant

50
Q

Within how much time of receiving a “now order” must the nurse administer the medication?

A

90 minutes

51
Q

What are the 4 steps to medication reconciliation?

A
  1. Verify
  2. Clarify
  3. Reconcile
  4. Transmit
52
Q

What are the best subcutaneous injection sites?

A

outer posterior aspect of the upper arms, the abdomen from below the costal margins to the iliac crests, and the anterior aspects of the thighs

53
Q

What is the angle of insertion for IM injections?

A

90º

54
Q

What is the angle of insertion for subcutaneous injections?

A

45º-90º

55
Q

What is the angle of insertion for intradermal injections?

A

15º

56
Q

What are the best intramuscular (IM) injection sites?

A

Ventrogluteal

Vastus Lateralis

Deltoid

57
Q

What is the most dangerous route method for administering medications?

A

IV bolus, or “push”

58
Q

When giving IM injections, what technique is used to protect subcutaneous tissues from irritating parenteral fluids?

A

Z-track method

Ruben's Nursing 50A (40 decks)

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