Fundamentals: Chapter 29; Resp

Question 1

What is the mechanism the body uses to exchange gases between the atmosphere and the blood and the blood and the cells?

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

What is ventilation during respiration?

Answer 2

The movement of gases in and out of the lungs

Question 3

What is diffusion during respiration?

Answer 3

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the read blood cells

Question 4

What is perfusion during respiration?

Answer 4

The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Question 5

How does a nurse assess ventilation?

Answer 5

determine respiratory rage, depth and rhythm

Question 6

How does a nurse assess diffusion and perfusion?

Answer 6

determine oxygen saturation

Question 7

What is the most important factor in the control of ventilation?

Answer 7

CO2 in the arterial blood

Question 8

What is the term for low levels of arterial O2?

Answer 8

hypoxemia

Question 9

Why is the administration of high level O2 fatal for patients with chronic lung disease?

Answer 9

Hypoxemia helps to control ventilation in patients with chronic lung disease because low O2 provides the stimulus that allows the patient to breathe

Question 10

What is tidal volume?

Answer 10

the amount of air normally inhaled

Question 11

What is the term for the normal rate and depth of ventilation?

Answer 11

eupnea

Question 12

What does a drop in respiration in a patient with head trauma often indicate?

Answer 12

injury to the brainstem

Question 13

How is respiratory rate affected by age?

Answer 13

declines throughout life

Question 14

What are factors that influence the character of respirations (rate/depth/rhythm)?

Answer 14

ExerciseAcute painAnxietySmokingBody PositionMedicationsNeurological injuryHemoglobin function

Question 15

What is the acceptable respiratory rate for a newborn?

Answer 15

35-40

Question 16

What is the acceptable respiratory rate for an infant?

Answer 16

30-50

Question 17

What is the acceptable respiratory rate for a toddler?

Answer 17

25-32

Question 18

What is the acceptable respiratory rate for a child?

Answer 18

20-30

Question 19

What is the acceptable respiratory rate for an adolescent?

Answer 19

16-20

Question 20

What is the acceptable respiratory rate for an adult?

Answer 20

19-Dec

Question 21

What is bradypnea?

Answer 21

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow (less than 12 breaths/min)

Question 22

What is tachypnea?

Answer 22

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (greater than 20 breaths/min)

Question 23

What is hyperpnea?

Answer 23

Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in rate (greater than 20 breaths/min) (occurs normally during exercise)

Question 24

What is apnea?

Answer 24

Respirations cease for several seconds. Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest

Question 25

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 25

Rate and depth of respirations increase. Hypocarbia sometimes occurs

Question 26

What is hypoventilation?

Answer 26

Respiratory rate is abnormally low, and depth of ventilation is depressed. Hypercarbia sometimes occurs

Question 27

What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration?

Answer 27

Respiratory rate and depth are irregular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation. Respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate and depth. The pattern reverses; breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes

Question 28

What is Kussmaul’s respiration?

Answer 28

Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate

Question 29

What is Biot’s respiration?

Answer 29

Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths followed by irregular period of apnea.