French rev. notes Flashcards
Whats and estate
Social class
Whats the first estate made up of
Priests monks bishops archbishops and cardinals
what percent of the population was the first estate
less than 1% of the population
what percent of land did the first estate own
10%
what taxes did the first estate pay
none
what was the 2nd estate made up of
nobility, most were titiled/ came from famous families or wealthy families
what percent of the population was the 2nd estate
2%
what estate heild high government and military posts
2nd estate
what estate owned most of the land in france
2nd estate
what taxes did 2nd estate pay
little taxes and many privileges
who made up the third estate
majority of people
what percent of land did the 3rd estate own
25%
what people were in the 3rd estate
peasants, merchants, dentists, artisians, bourgeosisie
name 4 short term causes of french rev.
1.financial fallout from the french involvement in the american revolution, 2.influence of american rev.,
3.bad harvest led to food shortages in 1788-1789,
4.nobles refusing to accept new tax codes without calling estates general
5 long term causes of french rev
- encouragement and spread of enlightenment ideas and institutions that questioned the justification of traditional authority
- Growth of the middle class whose wealth was not matched by political influence or social stats
3, financial mismanagement of government resources leading to unmanageable dept - growing sentiment that the king was a man like any other
5, inequality of the 3 estates
what were the sans- colottes
the partisan poor
committee of public safety
established in April 1793, 12 member executive government during reign of terror
What was the thermidorian reaction (1794-1795)
July 26th- Robespierre gave a speech illustrating new plots and conspirices, it alienated many members of the committee of public safety and were threatened by his implications, July 27th the conventions arrested Robespierre and on the 28th he was tried and guillotined.
Whats directory rule
Constitution of 1795
republic -> directory
5 main directory with a 2 house legisture
What was the first phase of the french rev
moderate phase, national assembly turned France into constitutional monarchy also called liberal phrase
What was the second phase of the french rev
The radical phase of escalating violence led to the end of the monarchy and a reign of terror and the creation of the first french republic`
what was the third phase of the french rev
a reaction to the extremism known as the directory this committee controlled the government (similar to legislative branch)
what was the fourth phase of the french rev.
age of napoleon, created a french empire in Europe
who is a good example of an enlightened despot
napoleon
where was napoleon born and what year
corsica 1769
what type of education did napoleon get
military
What year was napoleons Egyptian expedition
1798
Why did napoleon want to seize egypt
undermine Britian access to India
Did napoleon get control of Egypt
yes
When napoleon conqured Egypt who did he bring with him
scientists
What did the scientists in egypt do
study pyrimids, discovered rosetts stone
What happened when napoleon and his troops got stranded in egypt
they snuck past a british blockade in the med. and returned to paris
What did napoleon do when he took over the directory
set up three man consult; himself as the first consult
Name the 6 categories of napoleons reforms
- class system
- economy
3, education - goverment
- laws
- religion
Name napoleons reforms in the class system
1.emigrets could return if they swore loyalty to the new goverment
2. Peasants kept lands they had bought from church and nobles
3. new nobility established through meritocracy
Name napoleons reforms in economy
1, controlled prices
2. encouraged industrial growth
3. strengthened the nations infrastructure
Name napoleons reforms in education
nationally controlled public schools
Name napoleons reforms in laws (Napoleonic code)
- Equality before the law
- religious tolerance
- end to feudalism
(but women lost many of their rights)
Name Napoleons religious reforms
- church under government control
- religious freedom
whats nepotism
napoleon placed puppet rulers (his relatives) on conquered thrones
what happened after France tried to invade great Britain
Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated him at the battle of Trafalgar and Nelson was killed in a naval battle
what happened after Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated him at the battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon struck back with continental system
what was the continental system
no trade between the European continent and great Britain, this was a form of economic warfare
How did Great Britain respond to continental system
They set up blockades
why did continental system fail
European countries wanted and needed trade
What was 6 ways Napoleon spread revolution
- spread it to his grande armee
2.brought revolutionary ideas to conquered lands
3.abolished nobility and feudalism
4.set up meritocracies - ended church privileges
- Napoleonic code spread to areas beyond french empire
Who hated the continental system
Europeans
what did local rulers form to maintain power
juntas
Review timeline in notes
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Napolons invasion of russia review in notes
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review naopleons abdication in notes
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the hundread days
march 20th 1815 napolon marched triumphantly into paris june 18th battle of waterloo (belgium) napolon was defeated and exiled to st.helena off the africian coast
3 pros of napolons legacy
established meritocracy
heild plebiscites
spread revolutionary ideas
3 cons of napolons legacy
absloute ruler
ruled empire with puppets
took away many rights of women
who destroyed the holy roman empire
napoleon
what did the holy roman empire turn into
germany
congress of vienna
1814-1815
austria great britain prussia and russia sought to restore old regime and establish balance of power
