Europe under Napoleon Flashcards
did the congress of Vienna make Germany unified
No
Who organized Germany into the rine confederation
Napoleon
Did napoleon free the serfs
Yes
Who made trade easier between the states, and abolished laws against Jews
Napoleon
Who dissolved the holy roman empire
Napoleon
Who created the German confederation and what was it guided by
Congress of Vienna and was guided by policies of Austria
Whats Zollverein
dismantled trade and tariff barriers between the states, it was a type of economic union
Did Zollverein make trade easier
yes
Was Germany fragmented during Zollverein
yes
Who is Otto von Bismarck in charge of
prussia
Who wrote the blood on iron speech
Otto von Bismarck
Who wrote “The great questions of the day are not to be decided by speeches and majority resoulitions - that was the mistake in 1848 and 1849 - but by blood and iron”
Otto von Bismark
After they defeated Denmark what two territories did they take
Schleswig and Holstein
What happened in the Austro-Prussian War
They defeated Austria and received additional land in the north
What did bismarck dissolve
Austrian led Germany Confedration and created new confederation led by Prussia made up of northern Germany
Describe the Franco-Prussian war
(Napoleon lll vs. Bismarck) spurred German nationalism, and tricked France into going to war (telegraph), France was devastated badly by a combined Prussia/German army
Name the 3 military conquests
Denmark, Austrio- Prussian, Franco- Prussian
Who persuaded King William l of Prussia to take the title of Emperor
Northern and Southern princes
Who was given the title of chancellor during the second reich
otto von Bismarck
When was new Germany created
1871
What was the new German government type
Dual constitutional monarchy
What did the Dual constitutional monarchy consist of
a Constitution with a 2 house legislature
What was the name of the upper and lower German house
upper-Bundesrat
lower- Reichstag
Who heild veto power in the new German goverment
Bundesrat
Who were members of the Bundesrat appointed by
rulers of the German states and approved by the Kaiser (leader)
Who were members of the Reichstag elected by
Members of the UMS
What were 4 reasons for German unification
- Bismarck- Realpolitick
- Bismarck- “blood and iron”
- Nationalism
- Victory in 3 wars
What was realpolitik
When a politician is flexible and may go against their principles to stabilize a country, these politicians are described as using “common sense”
Was Germany one of the most industrialized in Europe
Yes
Because Germany was one of the most industrialized name 2 things that followed
- large numbers of labor unions and socalist organizations formed
- Bismarck and Germany created workers benefits ( better wages, disability insurance, and retirement benefits) to make sure the country was stable and has no revolts from workers
Whats Factoid
Italy had not been unified since the roman empire era (5th century) and Italy was fragmented into different city-states
What qualities did northern Italy present
more cities, more culture centers, richer, and more industrial
What qualities did southern Italy present
rural, poor, farmland
What was the hindrance to Italian unification
people were loyal to their cites rather than to the idea of a unified country and regional differences
Name 3 characteristics of Italy under the congress of Vienna
- Austria took over much of northern Italy
2.The French controlled Naples and Sicily
- Nationalism grew
During Austrian control over Italy describe the effects of Nationalism
Nationalism created revolts against Austrias rule but then Austria crushed the revolts
Was Cavour a monarchist
yes
Who was prime minister of Piedmont
Cavour
Did cavour believe in Realpolitik
yes
Name 3 things Cavour did
- worked for king e]Emmanuel
- improved Sardnias economy by building railroads
- Signed a deal with Napoleon lll that France would back piedmont
What was Cavours goal
End Austrian power in Italy and annex Lombardy and Vinetia in the North
How was the Norther Italian confederation founded
Piedmont went to war with Austria and then Annexed Lombardy while several other northern states joined with cavour to create the confederation
Who was the leader of the “red shirts”
Gardibaldi
Who was the first king of the unified Italy
Gardibaldi
List in order (Italian unification, Gardobaldi)
Got Venetia from Bismarck
Took control of Naples
Acquired Rome
Took control of Sicily
Captured papal states
- Took control of Sicily
- Naples
- Papal states
- Vinetia
- Rome
What was Italies new goverment type
dual, constitutional monarchy
whats anti-semitism
hostility or discrimination twards Jews
Were Jews always discriminated against
For a long time yes, but most had full rights as a citizen in their country by the 1800s.
What was the new form of anti-semitism in the 19th centruy
discrimination based on race and they were seen as inferior to the rest of the population
did Jews face discrimination in Russia 1800s, and how
Yes, they took away land owned by jews and required them to live in Gettos (cities and towns they were required to live in), in addition to the laws mobs attacked Jews
How did Jews respond to the discrimination in Russia
They fled, many to the united states
When and where `was the Dreyfus affair
France late 1800
What accusation Dreyfus affair based on
French government accused a Jewish military officer of selling military secrets to the Germans
What was the result of the dreyfus affair accusation
he was found guilty of treason and sentenced to prison, case divided the country because many saw it unfit, he got a re-trial and proved innocent and was framed
Whats Zionism
the idea/movement for people to create a homeland for Jews preferably their traditional homeland in Palestine
Who was Zionism led by and who was he supported by (what goverment)
A Austrian Jew named Theodore Herzl and he was supported by the British government
Whats Chancellor
High power official or government leader
Annex definition
Join into he main part or add onto
Kaiser definition
Title of German or Austrian emperor
Reich definition
empire or nation
Pograms definition
a massacre of a particular ethnic group
Whats self- determination
When a country determines its own statehood and forms its won alliances in government
