Final- French revolution & Napoleonic era Flashcards
Whats a estate
An estate is basically a social class, they separate France by their income (sometimes job or family) and they get varying privileges or disadvantages.
1st estate
Think of first class, they were the 1%-ers (literally less than 1% of the population was in the first estate) 1st estate were Clergy and Church officials, which included Priests, bishops, monks, archbishops, and cardinals. They collectively owned less than 10% of land in France. They paid no taxes
2nd estate
2nd estate was a small percent of the population also. 2nd estate was made up of nobility, most of who came from famous families (who were super wealthy), nobility held high government posts (and in military) They made up less than 2% of the population, but owned most of the land in France, they paid little taxes but had numerous privileges
3rd estate
Everyone else, if you were not in the first or second estate you were in the 3rd. They owned 25% of the land in France but took up over 90% of the population. Most were poor peasants and bourgeoisie. Because it was most of the population it was very diverse including peasants, merchants, dentists, artisans etc. Many bourgeoisie wanted to move up into the nobility class. 3rd estate was at the bottom of the totem pole and paid the post taxes (without them the government wouldn’t have a great amount of money)
Ancien’ Regime
A political or social system that has changed to a new modern one (after the french revolution which abolished feudalism and french nobility) Congress of vienna aimed to restore the old regime.
Causes of the estates general
- The political and financial situation in France had gotten bad so Louis XVl was forced to summon the Estates General,
Declaration of the rights of the man and citizen
Started in 1789, it was formed during the Estates general meeting to draft a new constitution, it is a expression of universal human rights, it was modeled on the American Declaration Of Independence
Bourgeosise
The french middle class but were included in the 3rd estate
Guillotine-
Used to cut peoples head off in the Reign of terror. You wanted to be the first in line if you were killed quickly, the blade would get dull and require multiple strikes. Method of carrying out executions in the reign of terror.
Napoleonic code
Created by Napoleon, stated Equality before the law, religious tolerance, end to feudalism, but women lost many of their rights. Its goal was to reform the nation’s Legal system
Continental system
Was a form of economic warfare, prohibited all trade with Britain, sealed it off from continental Europe. Its goal was to weaken the British Economy which was ineffective and lead to Napoleon’s fall.
The continental system was a form of
Economic warfare
What form of government did the national assemble create with the constitution of 1791
a constitutional monarchy
the poorest members of the third estate were
urban workers
how did European monarchs and nobles feel about the french revolution
they opposed it because they feared revolution would spread
Robespierre believed that France could achieve a “republic of virtue” through…
the use of terror
Which country was able to remain outside napoleons empire
Britain
the economic crisis in france was caused by
bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars
During the reign of terror, trials and executions were carried out under teh authority of
the comittee of public safety
what war tactic helped the Russians defeat napoleon
scorched earth policy
what was the largest estate
3rd
in frances old order the clergy belonged to the
first estate
the national esssembly voted to pay off the huge goverment debt by
selling church lands
the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen was modeled on the
american declaration of independence
to deal with the threats to france both internally and externally, the national convention created
the committee of public safety
the congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by
restoring hereditary monarchies
in frances old order what groups were members of the bourgeoisie
merchants and other professionals
participants in the tennis court oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about
a just constitution
When the new national convention met in 1792 what form of government did the radicals create under Jacobin leadership
a republic
napoleons final defeat was
the battle of waterloo
the ____ were nobles, clergy, and others who escaped revolutionary forces by fleeing France ended up in neighboring countries
emigres
the _____ was the dominant political party that controlled the french republic
jacobins
the Parisian poor or urban workers who supported the republic were called the
sans- culottes
wife of louis XVI who supposedly said “let them eat cake”
Marie antionette
Made up the 2nd estate
Nobles
Head of the committee of public safety, chief architect of the reign of terror
robespierre
a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to ones country spurred on by the napoleonic wars
nationalism
to step down from power
abdicate
french middle class
bourgeoisie
the idea of placing friends and relatives in important government positions
nepotism
french social classes
estates
method for carrying out executions during the reign of terror
guillotine
The place where napoleon lost most of his army
Russia
A goverment ruled by elected representatives
Republic
King of france during the beginning of the french revolution
Louis XVI
five man council with a legislative branch that controlled Frances government after the thermidorian reaction
the directory
congress of vienna
wanted peace and restoration of the monarchies and balance of power
