Final- French revolution & Napoleonic era

Question 1

Whats a estate

Answer 1

An estate is basically a social class, they separate France by their income (sometimes job or family) and they get varying privileges or disadvantages.

Question 2

1st estate

Answer 2

Think of first class, they were the 1%-ers (literally less than 1% of the population was in the first estate) 1st estate were Clergy and Church officials, which included Priests, bishops, monks, archbishops, and cardinals. They collectively owned less than 10% of land in France. They paid no taxes

Question 3

2nd estate

Answer 3

2nd estate was a small percent of the population also. 2nd estate was made up of nobility, most of who came from famous families (who were super wealthy), nobility held high government posts (and in military) They made up less than 2% of the population, but owned most of the land in France, they paid little taxes but had numerous privileges

Question 4

3rd estate

Answer 4

Everyone else, if you were not in the first or second estate you were in the 3rd. They owned 25% of the land in France but took up over 90% of the population. Most were poor peasants and bourgeoisie. Because it was most of the population it was very diverse including peasants, merchants, dentists, artisans etc. Many bourgeoisie wanted to move up into the nobility class. 3rd estate was at the bottom of the totem pole and paid the post taxes (without them the government wouldn’t have a great amount of money)

Question 5

Ancien’ Regime

Answer 5

A political or social system that has changed to a new modern one (after the french revolution which abolished feudalism and french nobility) Congress of vienna aimed to restore the old regime.

Question 6

Causes of the estates general

Answer 6

• The political and financial situation in France had gotten bad so Louis XVl was forced to summon the Estates General,

Question 7

Declaration of the rights of the man and citizen

Answer 7

Started in 1789, it was formed during the Estates general meeting to draft a new constitution, it is a expression of universal human rights, it was modeled on the American Declaration Of Independence

Question 8

Bourgeosise

Answer 8

The french middle class but were included in the 3rd estate

Question 9

Guillotine-

Answer 9

Used to cut peoples head off in the Reign of terror. You wanted to be the first in line if you were killed quickly, the blade would get dull and require multiple strikes. Method of carrying out executions in the reign of terror.

Question 10

Napoleonic code

Answer 10

Created by Napoleon, stated Equality before the law, religious tolerance, end to feudalism, but women lost many of their rights. Its goal was to reform the nation’s Legal system

Question 11

Continental system

Answer 11

Was a form of economic warfare, prohibited all trade with Britain, sealed it off from continental Europe. Its goal was to weaken the British Economy which was ineffective and lead to Napoleon’s fall.

Question 12

The continental system was a form of

Answer 12

Economic warfare

Question 13

What form of government did the national assemble create with the constitution of 1791

Answer 13

a constitutional monarchy

Question 14

the poorest members of the third estate were

Answer 14

urban workers

Question 15

how did European monarchs and nobles feel about the french revolution

Answer 15

they opposed it because they feared revolution would spread

Question 16

Robespierre believed that France could achieve a “republic of virtue” through…

Answer 16

the use of terror

Question 17

Which country was able to remain outside napoleons empire

Answer 17

Britain

Question 18

the economic crisis in france was caused by

Answer 18

bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars

Question 19

During the reign of terror, trials and executions were carried out under teh authority of

Answer 19

the comittee of public safety

Question 20

what war tactic helped the Russians defeat napoleon

Answer 20

scorched earth policy

Question 21

what was the largest estate

Answer 21

3rd

Question 22

in frances old order the clergy belonged to the

Answer 22

first estate

Question 23

the national esssembly voted to pay off the huge goverment debt by

Answer 23

selling church lands

Question 24

the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen was modeled on the

Answer 24

american declaration of independence

Question 25

to deal with the threats to france both internally and externally, the national convention created

Answer 25

the committee of public safety

Question 26

the congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by

Answer 26

restoring hereditary monarchies

Question 27

in frances old order what groups were members of the bourgeoisie

Answer 27

merchants and other professionals

Question 28

participants in the tennis court oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about

Answer 28

a just constitution

Question 29

When the new national convention met in 1792 what form of government did the radicals create under Jacobin leadership

Answer 29

a republic

Question 30

napoleons final defeat was

Answer 30

the battle of waterloo

Question 31

the ____ were nobles, clergy, and others who escaped revolutionary forces by fleeing France ended up in neighboring countries

Answer 31

emigres

Question 32

the _____ was the dominant political party that controlled the french republic

Answer 32

jacobins

Question 33

the Parisian poor or urban workers who supported the republic were called the

Answer 33

sans- culottes

Question 34

wife of louis XVI who supposedly said “let them eat cake”

Answer 34

Marie antionette

Question 35

Made up the 2nd estate

Answer 35

Nobles

Question 36

Head of the committee of public safety, chief architect of the reign of terror

Answer 36

robespierre

Question 37

a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to ones country spurred on by the napoleonic wars

Answer 37

nationalism

Question 38

to step down from power

Answer 38

abdicate

Question 39

french middle class

Answer 39

bourgeoisie

Question 40

the idea of placing friends and relatives in important government positions

Answer 40

nepotism

Question 41

french social classes

Answer 41

estates

Question 42

method for carrying out executions during the reign of terror

Answer 42

guillotine

Question 43

The place where napoleon lost most of his army

Answer 43

Russia

Question 44

A goverment ruled by elected representatives

Answer 44

Republic

Question 45

King of france during the beginning of the french revolution

Answer 45

Louis XVI

Question 46

five man council with a legislative branch that controlled Frances government after the thermidorian reaction

Answer 46

the directory

Question 46

congress of vienna

Answer 46

wanted peace and restoration of the monarchies and balance of power