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History > African Decolonization > Flashcards

African Decolonization Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 6 causes of decolonization

A
  1. Exhaustion of European powers (after ww1)
  2. successful independence movements
  3. U.S. pressure to decolonize or forefit aid
  4. Spread of nationalism and education aspirations (in Africa)
  5. West realized they couldn’t be hypocrites
  6. Colonies cost more than they were worth
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2
Q

What idea did pan-Africanism promote

A

nationalist spirit
or
nationalism

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3
Q

What group worked to get civil rights for Africans

A

African National Congress

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4
Q

What was a policy of strict discrimination and segregation that was put in place to limit or restrict the rights of south African blacks

A

Apartheid

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5
Q

Where was aprtheid put into place

A

South Africa

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6
Q

Kwame Nkruman led

A

Ghana

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7
Q

Kwame Nkrumans title in goveremnt

A

1st president of Ghana

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8
Q

Kwame Nkrumans

A
  • Ghanaian politician who drove ideas of Independence from Britain
    -supported pan-africanism
  • theorized political Independence would lead to economic stability and tolerance
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9
Q

Who did Ghana used to be under the power of

A

Britain

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10
Q

Jomo Kenyattas title in goverment

A

1st Kenyan prime minister
1st Kenyan president

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11
Q

Jomo Kenyattas

A

-Nationalist who helped create and lead the Kenya African National Union
-Played a huge role in Kenyan independence from Britain

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12
Q

Patrice Lumumba led

A

Democratic republic of Congo

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13
Q

Patrice Lumumba

A

First prime minister, nationalist and advocate for pan- africanism
-Helped transform Congo from a Belgian colony to independent
- assassinated by a military coup

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14
Q

Gamal Abdel Nassar led

A

Egypt

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15
Q

Gamal Abdel Nassar

A
  • Arab nationalist who overthrew monarch in military coup
  • president of Egypt
  • proponent of pan africanism
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16
Q

Apartheid

A

seperation of the races
racial segergation in south Africa and all people were categorized by race

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17
Q

What did supporters of Apartheid believe

A

it would allow each race to keep its culture

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18
Q

What was apartheid designed to do

A

keep whites in power

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19
Q

What were some restrictions on non-whites under apartheid

A
  • get permission to travel
  • banned interracial marriages
  • segregated restaurants, beaches, and schools
20
Q

What were some restrictions on blacks under apartheid

A
  • could not own land
    -paid low wages
21
Q

What was the result of apartheid for Blacks

A

poverty

22
Q

Main party that opposed apartheid

A

African national congress (ANC)

23
Q

What did ANC do

A

organized boycotts, sit ins, marches

24
Q

What happened at sharpville

A

a black township where a massacre by the south African police happened during a peaceful protest

25
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

-early ANC leader who fought government oppression and apartheid
- convicted of treason and given a life sentence but still maintained power and authority
- after he was released he became president of south africa (after apartheid ended)

26
Q

Who ended apartheid and why

A
  • South African president F.W. de Klerk
  • outside pressures
27
Q

Genocide

A

deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group

28
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

the expulsion imprisonment or killing of an ethnic minority by a dominant majority in order to achieve ethnic homogeneity

29
Q

Pol Pot

A

Cambodian dictator in the 1970s that was responsible for the deaths of millions as Cambodia switched to communist government

30
Q

Khmer rouge

A

Cambodian communist military or militia groups that carried out atrocities in the name of Pol pot

31
Q

Cambodian Genocide

A

persecution and killing of Cambodians by the Khmer rouge under leadership of communist general secretary Pol Pot

32
Q

What was Pol Pots goal in the Cambodian Genocide

A

create a classless society/ rid Cambodia of educated ppl

33
Q

What was the Khmer rouges methods of getting a “classless society”

A

emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to concentration/labor camps in the country side

34
Q

What happened in the Khmer rouges labor camps

A

there were mass executions, forced labor, physical abuse, malnutrition and disease

35
Q

What did the Khmer Rouge change the name of Cambodia to

A

Democratic Kampuchea

36
Q

Who was Pol pot and the Khmer rouge backed by in the Cambodian genocide

A

maos Chinese government

37
Q

How was Pol Pot and the Khmer rouge defeated

A

the Vietnamese military invaded them

38
Q

Why did the Vietnamese military invade Cambodia

A

to stop the mass murders after it became a international crisis

39
Q

Result of the Cambodian genocide

A

1.5-2 million Cambodians died
a few members if the Khmer rouge were tried for crimes against humanity

40
Q

The Balkin crisis is AKA

A

the break of of former Yugoslavia

41
Q

Why is it called the Balkin crisis

A

the Balkin mountains are located in the region

42
Q

When did the balkin crisis occur and what aspects of society did it involve

A

thorough the 1990s and involved politics, ethnicity and religion

43
Q

Serbs in many parts of yugoslavia wanted to create this

A

greater servbia

44
Q

Siberian leaders heild responsiable for war crimes in former yugoslavia

A

Slobodan Milosevic

45
Q

Majority eithic group in Rwanda that tried to wipe out their counterparts

A

Hutus

46
Q

Egyptian leader that nationalized he suez canal resulting in the Suez crisis

A

Nassar

47
Q
A

History (23 decks)

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