African Decolonization Flashcards
Name 6 causes of decolonization
- Exhaustion of European powers (after ww1)
- successful independence movements
- U.S. pressure to decolonize or forefit aid
- Spread of nationalism and education aspirations (in Africa)
- West realized they couldn’t be hypocrites
- Colonies cost more than they were worth
What idea did pan-Africanism promote
nationalist spirit
or
nationalism
What group worked to get civil rights for Africans
African National Congress
What was a policy of strict discrimination and segregation that was put in place to limit or restrict the rights of south African blacks
Apartheid
Where was aprtheid put into place
South Africa
Kwame Nkruman led
Ghana
Kwame Nkrumans title in goveremnt
1st president of Ghana
Kwame Nkrumans
- Ghanaian politician who drove ideas of Independence from Britain
-supported pan-africanism - theorized political Independence would lead to economic stability and tolerance
Who did Ghana used to be under the power of
Britain
Jomo Kenyattas title in goverment
1st Kenyan prime minister
1st Kenyan president
Jomo Kenyattas
-Nationalist who helped create and lead the Kenya African National Union
-Played a huge role in Kenyan independence from Britain
Patrice Lumumba led
Democratic republic of Congo
Patrice Lumumba
First prime minister, nationalist and advocate for pan- africanism
-Helped transform Congo from a Belgian colony to independent
- assassinated by a military coup
Gamal Abdel Nassar led
Egypt
Gamal Abdel Nassar
- Arab nationalist who overthrew monarch in military coup
- president of Egypt
- proponent of pan africanism
Apartheid
seperation of the races
racial segergation in south Africa and all people were categorized by race
What did supporters of Apartheid believe
it would allow each race to keep its culture
What was apartheid designed to do
keep whites in power
What were some restrictions on non-whites under apartheid
- get permission to travel
- banned interracial marriages
- segregated restaurants, beaches, and schools
What were some restrictions on blacks under apartheid
- could not own land
-paid low wages
What was the result of apartheid for Blacks
poverty
Main party that opposed apartheid
African national congress (ANC)
What did ANC do
organized boycotts, sit ins, marches
What happened at sharpville
a black township where a massacre by the south African police happened during a peaceful protest
Nelson Mandela
-early ANC leader who fought government oppression and apartheid
- convicted of treason and given a life sentence but still maintained power and authority
- after he was released he became president of south africa (after apartheid ended)
Who ended apartheid and why
- South African president F.W. de Klerk
- outside pressures
Genocide
deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group
Ethnic cleansing
the expulsion imprisonment or killing of an ethnic minority by a dominant majority in order to achieve ethnic homogeneity
Pol Pot
Cambodian dictator in the 1970s that was responsible for the deaths of millions as Cambodia switched to communist government
Khmer rouge
Cambodian communist military or militia groups that carried out atrocities in the name of Pol pot
Cambodian Genocide
persecution and killing of Cambodians by the Khmer rouge under leadership of communist general secretary Pol Pot
What was Pol Pots goal in the Cambodian Genocide
create a classless society/ rid Cambodia of educated ppl
What was the Khmer rouges methods of getting a “classless society”
emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to concentration/labor camps in the country side
What happened in the Khmer rouges labor camps
there were mass executions, forced labor, physical abuse, malnutrition and disease
What did the Khmer Rouge change the name of Cambodia to
Democratic Kampuchea
Who was Pol pot and the Khmer rouge backed by in the Cambodian genocide
maos Chinese government
How was Pol Pot and the Khmer rouge defeated
the Vietnamese military invaded them
Why did the Vietnamese military invade Cambodia
to stop the mass murders after it became a international crisis
Result of the Cambodian genocide
1.5-2 million Cambodians died
a few members if the Khmer rouge were tried for crimes against humanity
The Balkin crisis is AKA
the break of of former Yugoslavia
Why is it called the Balkin crisis
the Balkin mountains are located in the region
When did the balkin crisis occur and what aspects of society did it involve
thorough the 1990s and involved politics, ethnicity and religion
Serbs in many parts of yugoslavia wanted to create this
greater servbia
Siberian leaders heild responsiable for war crimes in former yugoslavia
Slobodan Milosevic
Majority eithic group in Rwanda that tried to wipe out their counterparts
Hutus
Egyptian leader that nationalized he suez canal resulting in the Suez crisis
Nassar
