fractures Flashcards
What are some risk factors for fractures
smoking, alcohol, malnutrition, impaired vision, osteoporosis
What is the blood supply to the femoral head
intramedullary artery of femur shaft, medial and lateral circumflex branches of profounda femoris, artery of ligament teres
Where is an intracapsular fracture
in the neck
where is an extra capsular fracture
in the trochanteric line roughly
In extra capsular fracture what type of fractures can you get
basicervical, intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric
What do you use to treat hip fractures
early mobilisation and surgery
How do you treat undisplayed intracapsular fractures
screws
How do you treat displaced intracapsular fractures
THR or arthroplasty
What happens in primary bone healing?
there is a minimal fracture gap, where bone is able to refill it- this would be a hairline fracture, fixation with plates and screws
What is secondary bone healing
fracture fills with granulation tissue > soft callus > hard callus = colles fracture
What is the general management?>
ABCDE, analgesia, assess- closed/open, neuromuscular status, soft tissue, compartment syndrome, splint age, reduction, non op/ op
What kind of patterns of fractures can you get?
angulation, displaced, comminution, stable/ unstable, extra/intraarticular
Which part of the bone displays?
The bottom half of the bone
What non op strategies are there?
plaster cast, bracing, traction
if minimally displaced what treatment option is besT>
splintage
if position is unacceptable, what should you do?
reduction
if its an unstable fracture, how do you fix it?
operative stabilisation
When should you not perform ORIF?
When there is significant swelling
When should internal fixation be used?
when displaced intra articular fracture
What does a compartment syndrome require?
fasciotomy
is a femoral shaft fracture usually high energy or low energy?
high
what are the risks of femoral shaft fracture?
ARDS, fat embolism
what is the treatment of femoral shaft fracture
resus, analgesia, splint (thomas) unstable- nailing
If you have a distal femur fracture what do you use to treat it?
plating
