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Hair Chemistry > Foundations Chapter 6: Chemistry and Chemical Safety -- Book > Flashcards

Foundations Chapter 6: Chemistry and Chemical Safety -- Book Flashcards

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1
Q

Beauty and wellness professionals should study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry because __________.
a. clients often quiz beauty and wellness professionals on this important knowledge
b. chemistry experiments are often regular practice at salons and spas
c. it is unrelated to the safe operation of a salon or spa
d. every product used in the beauty industry contains some type of chemical

A

d. every product used in the beauty industry contains some type of chemical

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2
Q

The effects of cosmetics and beauty products are based on how __________.
a. the body reacts to chemicals
b. pleased the beauty professional is with the results
c. favorably the new styles compare with the old
d. friends and family members react to the new look

A

a. the body reacts to chemicals

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3
Q

Creams, lotions, masks, and makeup __________.
a. only contain chemicals if they come from ingredients manufactured in a laboratory
b. never contain chemicals
c. only contain chemicals if they are not made from natural sources such as plant extracts
d. contain chemicals whether they come from natural sources or from ingredients manufactured in a laboratory

A

d. contain chemicals whether they come from natural sources or from ingredients manufactured in a laboratory

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4
Q

Which of the following is defined as any substance that occupies space and has weight?
a. Potentially dangerous
b. A chemical
c. Matter
d. A beauty product

A

c. Matter

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5
Q

Everything you can touch and everything you can see is matter EXCEPT for which of the following?
a. Living and once-living bodies
b. Chemicals and powders
c. Light and electricity
d. Liquids and gases

A

c. Light and electricity

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6
Q

__________ is the simplest form of chemical matter.
a. An element
b. A chemical
c. A liquid
d. A gas

A

a. An element

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7
Q

There are __________ elements known to science today.
a. 18
b. 118
c. 81
d. 108

A

b. 118

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8
Q

Of all the elements known to science today, __________ occur naturally on Earth.
a. 19
b. 89
c. 18
d. 98

A

d. 98

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9
Q

Which of the following are defined as the basic units of matter?
a. Protons
b. Electrons
c. Atoms
d. Neutrons

A

c. Atoms

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10
Q

__________ is an example of a compound molecule.
a. The oxygen we breathe
b. The ozone layer
c. Common table salt
d. Pure nitrogen

A

c. Common table salt

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11
Q

__________ is an example of a compound molecule.
a. Liquid nail polish hardening
b. Ice melting to become water
c. Exposed metal rusting
d. Water evaporating into the air

A

c. Exposed metal rusting

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12
Q

When salt is dissolved into water, __________.
a. salt is the solute and the water is the solvent
b. salt and water are both solutes
c. salt and water are both solvents
d. water is the solute and salt is the solvent

A

a. salt is the solute and the water is the solvent

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13
Q

All liquids are __________.
a. both miscible and immiscible
b. immiscible
c. miscible
d. either miscible or immiscible

A

d. either miscible or immiscible

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14
Q

What do immiscible liquids form when they are combined?
a. Solutions
b. Stable mixtures
c. Miscible liquids
d. Suspensions

A

d. Suspensions

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15
Q

A solute is a __________.
a. substance that is dissolved in a solution
b. liquid not capable of being mixed to form a stable solution
c. substance that dissolves a solvent and makes a solution
d. stable physical mixture of two or more substances

A

a. substance that is dissolved in a solution

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16
Q

A solvent is any __________.
a. substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution
b. liquid not capable of being mixed to form a stable solution
c. substance dissolved into a solution
d. stable physical mixture of two or more substances

A

a. substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution

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17
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of solutions?
a. They are surfactants.
b. They are stable mixtures.
c. They are immiscible.
d. They are usually a solid color.

A

b. They are stable mixtures.

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18
Q

The very first surfactants were __________.
a. motor oils
b. soaps
c. cooking oils
d. nail polishes

A

b. soaps

19
Q

What is the overexposure principle used to describe?
a. How overexposure determines immunity
b. How overexposure determines safety
c. How overexposure determines tolerance
d. How overexposure determines toxicity

A

d. How overexposure determines toxicity

20
Q

What is pH an abbreviation of?
a. Potential hydrogen
b. Pure hydrochloric acid
c. Probable H2O
d. Productively high

A

a. Potential hydrogen

21
Q

Understanding pH is important for the beauty and wellness professional because __________.
a. it is directly related to income potential
b. all salon owners require it
c. it is essential for passing all exams
d. it affects the hair, skin, and nails

A

d. it affects the hair, skin, and nails

22
Q

What is the pH scale used to measure?
a. Acidity and alkalinity
b. Levels of carbon dioxide
c. Overexposure and underexposure
d. Levels of oxygen

A

a. Acidity and alkalinity

23
Q

To which of the following do all acids owe their chemical reactivity?
a. The hydrogen ion
b. Alkalis
c. Oxygen
d. Overexposure

A

a. The hydrogen ion

24
Q

Among the following choices, acids would MOST likely be used to __________.
a. swell the hair
b. raise the pH of products
c. soften calloused skin
d. exfoliate the skin

A

d. exfoliate the skin

25
Q

If your client requests that you use a solution that is neutral to their skin, which of the pH should you be using?
a. A pH of 14
b. A pH of 5
c. A pH of 0
d. A pH of 7

A

b. A pH of 5

26
Q

Acid-alkali neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and __________.
a. a salt
b. carbon dioxide
c. nitrogen
d. a sulfur

A

a. a salt

27
Q

An oxidizing agent __________ oxygen.
a. releases
b. nullifies
c. absorbs
d. increases

A

a. releases

28
Q

A reducing agent __________.
a. subtracts hydrogen from a chemical compound
b. adds oxygen to a chemical compound
c. subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
d. adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

A

d. adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

29
Q

During combustion of a substance, __________ accompanies the rapid oxidation.
a. neutralization
b. the production of heat and light
c. and ionization of the substance
d. and endothermic reaction

A

b. the production of heat and light

30
Q

If you left the freezer door open all night at work, all of the ice you had in the freezer would probably melt. This would be a result of __________.
a. an exothermic reaction
b. neutralization
c. ionization
d. an endothermic reaction

A

d. an endothermic reaction

31
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of products that are incompatible?
a. They are always considered dangerous.
b. They can be safely mixed with proper precautions.
c. They should never be used on clients.
d. No two should be stored next to each other.

A

d. No two should be stored next to each other.

32
Q

Hydrogen peroxide should never be mixed with bleach because __________.
a. it creates a potentially deadly gas
b. it “discolors” more than lightens the hair
c. they become unpredictable in their use
d. it dries out hair excessively

A

a. it creates a potentially deadly gas

33
Q

Which of the following should you be sure to do when mixing chemicals?
a. Add the water to the chemical, not the other way around.
b. Use a measuring device, such as a measuring cup or spoon.
c. Avoid rooms or areas that are well ventilated.
d. Never use secondary containers, such as spray bottles.

A

b. Use a measuring device, such as a measuring cup or spoon.

34
Q

____________ for the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons or spas.
a. Most states and counties do not have regulations in place
b. There are strict and universal regulations in place across the United States
c. Most states and counties have regulations in place
d. There are no regulations in place anywhere across the United States

A

a. Most states and counties do not have regulations in place

35
Q

Guidelines for properly storing chemicals do NOT include __________.
a. to never haphazardly combine two chemicals
b. to never dispose of chemicals in their original containers
c. to always lock up chemicals when not in use
d. to never allow chemicals to sit out

A

b. to never dispose of chemicals in their original containers

36
Q

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) replaced the __________.
a. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
b. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
c. National Institute of Health (NIH)
d. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

b. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

37
Q

How many categories are all SDS’s formatted into?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 16
d. 12

A

c. 16

38
Q

There are __________ accepted pictograms included in all SDS’s.
a. 6
b. 9
c. 16
d. 3

A

b. 9

39
Q

SDS’s are designed for __________.
a. use only by new employees
b. use only by managers
c. everyday use
d. use in an emergency

A

d. use in an emergency

40
Q

In the uniform order of the SDS, __________ comes immediately after the first category of “Identification.”
a. Hazard Identification
b. Disposal Considerations
c. First-Aid Measures
d. Toxicology Information

A

a. Hazard Identification

41
Q

A carcinogen is BEST described as a __________.
a. material that is very easy to ignite
b. substance that causes cancer
c. substance that is made of carbon
d. material capable of igniting or burning

A

b. substance that causes cancer

42
Q

Which of the following is capable of igniting and burning?
a. A chemical
b. A mutagen
c. A carcinogen
d. A combustible

A

d. A combustible

43
Q

If you were the owner of the local salon or spa, why would it be so important that you insist that for every chemical used there is an SDS available?
a. Because it is a requirement of OSHA
b. Because it is the most cost-effective policy
c. Because it enhances the image of the business
d. Because most clients will insist on it

A

a. Because it is a requirement of OSHA

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