Chapter 2 Anatomy and Physiology Test Prep Flashcards
Which topic is included in the study of anatomy?
a. causes of illness
b. functions of organs
c. organization of the body
d. treatment of health conditions
c. organization of the body
Why should cosmetologists understand anatomy and physiology?
a. to identify the organs that make up the human tissues
b. to recognize when to refer clients to a healthcare professional
c. to recognize and diagnose conditions of the skin, hair, and nails
d. to recommend treatment options for clients with skin, hair, and nail conditions
b. to recognize when to refer clients to a healthcare professional
A cosmetologist is concerned about how a 75-year-old client’s body will respond to the active ingredients in a cosmetic product. Which factor is most important to consider?
a. mitosis
b. metabolism
c. cell growth
d. cellular organization
b. metabolism
Which structure contains the cell’s genetic material?
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. protoplasm
d. cell membrane
a. nucleus
Which tissue type provides a protective covering for parts of the body?
a. nerve tissue
b. muscle tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. connective tissue
c. epithelial tissue
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
a. to move parts of the body
b. to control the bodily functions
c. to support other tissues and organs
d. to coordinate messages to and from the brain
c. to support other tissues and organs
A(n) __________ is defined as a group of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in the body.
a. organ
b. organelle
c. body system
d. anatomical structure
a. organ
A person’s body mounts a strong defense against viruses and bacteria, so the individual rarely gets sick. Which body system is primarily responsible for this characteristic?
a. endocrine system
b. lymphatic system
c. circulatory system
d. respiratory system
b. lymphatic system
A cosmetologist is applying makeup to a client’s face. The ________ system provides physical markers that guide the placement of different products.
a. skeletal
b. muscular
c. circulatory
d. integumentary
a. skeletal
A person’s body fails to effective remove waste products, leading to a buildup of harmful substances. This individual is most likely experiencing impaired function of the __________ system. The __________ is a major organ of this body system.
a. excretory, liver
b. excretory, spleen
c. integumentary, liver
d. integumentary, spleen
a. excretory, liver
What function does the cranium have?
a. supports the neck
b. protects the brain
c. forms the collarbone
d. forms the framework of the face
b. protects the brain
Which cranial bone forms the back of the skull above the nape?
a. frontal bone
b. parietal bone
c. occipital bone
d. temporal bone
c. occipital bone
Which facial bones form the cheekbones and outer part of the eye socket?
a. nasal bones
b. maxillae bones
c. lacrimal bones
d. zygomatic bones
d. zygomatic bones
The primary function of the hyoid bone is to __________.
a. form the lower jaw
b. protect the tonsils
c. give the neck flexibility
d. support the tongue and its muscles.
d. support the tongue and its muscles
Which bone is the shoulder blade?
a. radius
b. carpus
c. scapula
d. clavicle
c. scapula
The __________ contains the bones of the palm.
a. ulna
b. humerus
c. carpus
d. metacarpus
d. metacarpus
The bones of the fingers and toes are called the __________.
a. tarsals
b. carpals
c. phalanges
d. metacarpals
c. phalanges
Which three bones form the ankle joint?
a. tibia, fibula, talus
b. tibia, fibula, patella
c. tarsals, metatarsals, talus
d. tarsals, metatarsals, patella
a. tibia, fibula, talus
What is a function of the nonstriated muscles?
a. breathing
b. voluntary movement
c. contraction of the heart
d. production of blood cells
a. breathing
Which technique should the cosmetologist use to provide a safe massage?
a. only apply massage pressure to the belly of the muscle
b. only apply massage pressure to the part of the muscle attached closest to the skeleton
c. direct massage pressure from the movable to the immovable part of the muscle
d. direct massage pressure from the immovable to the movable part of the muscle
c. direct massage pressure from the movable to the immovable part of the muscle
A client dislikes the smell of a cosmetic product. In response, the client lifts the upper lip and dilates the nostrils in an expression of displeasure. Which muscle has produced this facial expression?
a. triangularis
b. levator anguli oris
c. levator labii superioris
d. depressor labii inferioris
c. levator labii superioris
Which muscle opens and closes the jaw?
a. risorius
b. mentalis
c. masseter
d. temporalis
d. temporalis
Which muscle turns the hand inward so that the palm faces downward?
a. bicep
b. flexor
c. pronator
d. supinator
c. pronator
When a person shrugs the shoulders, this movement is controlled by the __________ muscle.
a. bicep
b. triceps
c. deltoid
d. trapezius
d. trapezius
Which action is produced by the abductors in the hand?
a. making a fist
b. spreading the fingers
c. drawing the fingers together
d. moving the thumb toward each finger
b. spreading the fingers
Which foot muscle moves the big toe away from the other toes?
a. abductor hallucis
b. flexor digiti minimi
c. abductor digiti minimi
d. flexor digitorum brevis
a. abductor hallucis
Which muscle covers the front of the shin?
a. soleus
b. gastrocnemius
c. tibialis anterior
d. peroneus longus
c. tibialis anterior
While receiving a shampoo service, the client perceives that the water is warm and comfortable. Which part of the client’s body carries this information about the water temperature to the brain?
a. motor nerves
b. sensory nerves
c. central nervous system
d. autonomic nervous syste
b. sensory nerves
A client with diabetes is receiving cosmetology services. Which complication is most likely to occur because of this illness?
a. an allergic reaction to cosmetic products
b. aching joints when sitting for a long period
c. muscle pain and weakness after a massage
d. burns from water that is too hot during a pedicure
d. burns from water that is too hot during a pedicure
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles?
a. veins
b. arteries
c. venules
d. capillaries
a. arteries
Which blood vessel supplies blood to the front of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head?
a. internal jugular vein
b. external jugular vein
c. internal carotid artery
d. external carotid artery
d. external carotid artery
After receiving a massage, a client with a circulatory disorder stand up quickly, becomes lightheaded, and loses consciousness. Which condition likely led to this event?
a. neuropathy
b. hypertension
c. increase in blood sugar
d. decrease in blood pressure
d. decrease in blood pressure
Which organ is in the lymphatic system?
a. skin
b. liver
c. spleen
d. thyroid gland
c. spleen
The ________ are gland-like structure that filter viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells.
a. lymph nodes
b. lymph vessels
c. adrenal glands
d. white blood cells
a. lymph nodes
Which of the following is considered an accessory organ of the skin?
a. arteries
b. lymph nodes
c. motor nerves
d. sensory receptors
d. sensory receptors
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
a. immunity
b. protection from outside elements
c. circulation
d. nourishment
b. protection from outside elements
Which part of the body is included in the integumentary system?
a. pancreas
b. capillaries
c. oil glands
d. thymus gland
c. oil glands
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
a. oxygenation
b. reproduction
c. elimination of toxins
d. breakdown of nutrients
b. reproduction
Which substance is produced by an exocrine gland?
a. sweat
b. cortisol
c. estrogen
d. adrenaline
a. sweat
A male teenager experiences the growth of facial hair during puberty. Which body system is responsible for this change?
a. nervous system
b. lymphatic system
c. endocrine system
d. integumentary system
c. endocrine system
The basic units of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings, are _____.
a. organs
b. muscles
c. cells
d. nerves
c. cells
The complex system that serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature is the __________ system.
a. integumentary
b. skeletal
c. circulatory
d. muscular
a. integumentary
The ________ system distributes blood throughout the body.
a. integumentary
b. circulatory
c. respiratory
d. lymphatic
b. circulatory
The _________ system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes.
a. lymphatic
b. endocrine
c. integumentary
d. digestive
d. digestive
The ________ system is the body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.
a. endocrine
b. excretory
c. digestive
d. reproductive
a. endocrine
The ________ system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying pathogens and toxins.
a. skeletal
b. respiratory
c. endocrine
d. lymphatic
d. lymphatic
The ________ system covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place.
a. lymphatic
b. muscular
c. nervous
d. integumentary
b. muscular
The ________ system controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work efficiently and react to the environment.
a. lymphatic
b. endocrine
c. integumentary
d. nervous
d. nervous
The ________ system makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through breathing and eliminating carbon dioxide.
a. nervous
b. reproductive
c. respiratory
d. endocrine
c. respiratory
A cosmetologist notices during a haircut that their longtime client’s hair is thinning. When asked if anything has changed since the last visit, the client tells the cosmetologist about starting hormone replacement therapy. In order to understand whether these two situations may be connected, the cosmetologist should be knowledgeable about what body system?
a. integumentary system
b. reproductive system
c. endocrine system
d. lymphatic system
c. endocrine system
