Foundations Ch 06 Vocabulary Chemistry and Chemical Safety Flashcards
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a solution that has a pH below 7 (neutral)
acidic solution
when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and a salt
acid-alkali neutralization reactions
a solution that has a pH above 7 (neutral)
alkaline solution
also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
alkalis
alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
alkanolamines
acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin
alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)
colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
ammonia
an ion with a negative electrical charge
anion
the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element
atoms
a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer
carcinogen
an ion with a positive electrical charge
cation
a change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance
chemical change
characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance
chemical properties
science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions
chemistry
material that is capable of igniting and burning
combustible
rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light
combustion
a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions
compound molecules
(aka compounds)
subatomic particles with a negative charge
electrons
the simplest form of chemical matter; it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity
element
molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions
elemental molecule
an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture
emulsifier
an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay mixed) plus a special ingredient
emulsion
chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur
endothermic reaction
chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat
exothermic reaction
material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material
flammable