Ch 07 Vocabulary Hair and Scalp Properties

Question 1

form the building blocks of protein; link together end to end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

also known as the growth phase; hair phase during which new hair is produced

Answer 2

anagen phase

Question 3

brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle; signals the end of the growth phase

Answer 3

catagen phase

Question 3

small involuntary muscle in the dermis that attaches to the hair follicle; contraction of the muscle causes hair to stand, causing goose-bumps

Answer 3

arrector pilli muscle

Question 4

five elements – carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur – that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails

Answer 4

COHNS elements

Question 5

fibrous protein layer of the hair; responsible for the strength, elasticity, and color of hair

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

hair that grows straight up or at a different angle than the other hair; usually more noticeable at the crown

Answer 6

cowlick

Question 7

amino acid with a sulfur (S) atom that joins together two peptide strands

Answer 7

cysteine

Question 8

cone-shaped elevation found at the base of the bulb

Answer 8

dermal papilla

Question 9

strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cysteine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder

Answer 9

disulfide bond

Question 10

consists of brown and black pigment and is the predominant pigment in black and brunette hair

Answer 10

eumelanin

Question 11

found at the base of the follicle; has a bulb shape and contains living cells that will form the hair strand

Answer 11

hair bulb

Question 12

outermost layer of hair; formed from cells that resemble shingles on a roof; protects cortex

Answer 12

hair cuticle

Question 13

measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp

Answer 13

hair density

Question 14

ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking

Answer 14

hair elasticity

Question 15

tube-like structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin

Answer 15

hair follicle

Question 16

refers to ability of the hair to absorb moisture

Answer 16

hair porosity

Question 17

part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis

Answer 17

hair root

Question 18

part of the hair that projects above the epidermis

Answer 18

hair shaft

Question 19

hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction.

Answer 19

hair stream

Question 20

thickness or diameter of an individual hair strand

Answer 20

hair texture

Question 21

weak physical cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat

Answer 21

hydrogen bond

Question 22

fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair and nails

Answer 22

keratin

Question 23

process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die

Answer 23

keratinization

Question 24

bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers

Answer 24

lanthionine bonds

Question 25

short, fine hair that covers a fetus and generally sheds within a few weeks of birth

Answer 25

lanugo hair

Question 26

innermost layer found in coarse hair and beard hair; know as hair’s pith or core; absent in fine hair

Answer 26

medulla

Question 27

tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair

Answer 27

melanin

Question 28

also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain

Answer 28

peptide bond

Question 29

yellow to red pigment found in natural blonde to red shades of hair

Answer 29

pheomelanin

Question 30

long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 30

polypeptide chain

Question 31

weak physical cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH

Answer 31

salt bond

Question 32

also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum

Answer 32

sebaceous glands

Question 33

fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair

Answer 33

sebum

Question 34

bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair; account for about one-third of hair’s overall strength

Answer 34

side bonds

Question 35

also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed

Answer 35

telogen phase

Question 36

long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and body

Answer 36

terminal hair

Question 37

scientific study of hair and its diseases and care

Answer 37

trichology

Question 38

short, fine, unpigmented hair that appears on the body, often referred to as peach fuzz. It is typically less than one-third inch long (approximately 1 centimeter) and can appear anywhere on the skin apart from the palms, soles, and lips

Answer 38

vellus hair

Question 39

amount of movement or shape of the hair strand; described as straight, wavy, curly, or coily

Answer 39

wave pattern

Question 40

occurs when hair leaves the follicles at an angle; hair grows in a circular pattern on the crown of the head

Answer 40

whorl