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FIRST aid 2015 - Sahaja > First Aid pg 624-633 Rapid Review > Flashcards

First Aid pg 624-633 Rapid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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3
Q

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA def

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4
Q

Anterior “drawer sign” ⊕

A

ACL injury

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5
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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6
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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7
Q

Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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8
Q

Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

AR

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9
Q

Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

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10
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne)

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11
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue, hand-foot changes

A

Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

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12
Q

“Cherry-red spots” on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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13
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign)

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14
Q

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital Toxoplasmosis

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15
Q

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

MLF issue

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16
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease

[pretibial])

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17
Q

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

A 
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions,
 5-HIAA)
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18
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren’s

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19
Q

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

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20
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly,

atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood

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21
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic

treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)

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22
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal

curvature

A

Peyronie disease

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23
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of

mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction;  cancer risk, mainly GI)

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24
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises

A

Gaucher disease

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25
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss,

cataracts

A

Alports

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26
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality,

hyperdocility

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

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27
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

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28
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

29
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly

A

Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)

30
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma

31
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome

32
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”)

33
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic
anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious
mononucleosis, CLL)

34
Q

Painful fingers/toes changing color from blue to white to redwith cold or stress

A

Raynaud phenomenon

35
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

A 
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex
deposition)
36
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A 
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/
microabscesses)
37
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

38
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure,

electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule)

39
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

A

Lichen planus

40
Q

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil)

41
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

42
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas,

angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

43
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

44
Q

Short stature, café au lait spots, thumb/radial defects,

 incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia

45
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

1° adrenocortical insufficiency (eg, Addison disease) causes  ACTH and  α-MSH production)

46
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease

47
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])

48
Q

Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration,

arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

49
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the

forehead

50
Q

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face

A

Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

51
Q

inc  AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

52
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

53
Q

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

54
Q

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

55
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin,

procainamide)

56
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin,

procainamide)

57
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

58
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

SLE (HS-III)

59
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

60
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ granular inclusions in granulocytes

and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML)

61
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group
B)

62
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional

spleen)

63
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

64
Q

Branching gram ⊕ rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

65
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited

hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

66
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

67
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale

neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma,medulloblastoma)

68
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A 
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration(dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts
affected)
69
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A 
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled
mucous plugs)

FIRST aid 2015 - Sahaja (31 decks)

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