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FIRST aid 2015 - Sahaja > First Aid pg 362-366 GI > Flashcards

First Aid pg 362-366 GI Flashcards

1
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease normally spares the rectum?

A

Crohn’s

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2
Q

Which IBD is assoc with thickening of bowel walls?

A

Crohn’s

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3
Q

Which IBD = granulomas?

A

Crohn’s

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4
Q

IBD with lead pipe appearance of imaging?

A

UC

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5
Q

Disease that could lead to fulminant colitis or toxic megacolon?

A

UC

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6
Q

Blood diarrhea is more often associated with which IBD?

A

UC

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7
Q

Which IBD is assoc with p-ANCA?

A

UC

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8
Q

Which IBD is assoc with kidney stones and what type?

A

Crohn’s; Calcium oxalate

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9
Q

What is Rosving sign? (Not in FA, but referenced to)

A

LLQ palpation –> RLQ pain

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10
Q

Most common causes of appendicitis in adults/children?

A

fecalith (adults); lymphoid hyperplasia (in children)

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11
Q

False diverticuli are caused by what?

A

Inc intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in colonic wall

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12
Q

LLQ pain + fever + leukocytosis =?

A

Diverticulitis

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13
Q

A diverticuli that involves all 3 gut wall layers?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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14
Q

Herniation of mucosal tissue at the triangle between thyrophayngeal and cricopharyngeal part of inf pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Zenker diverticulum

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15
Q

Elderly male, dysphagia, foul breath, potential cough = ?

A

Zenker diverticulum

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16
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is associated with what ectopic tissue?

A

Acid secreting gastric mucosa, pancreatic tissue

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17
Q

Lab tests for Meckels?

A

Pertechnetate uptake studies (99mTc) and guaiac + stool ( in uworld Q)

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18
Q

Which GI disease is associated with the same gene mutation as Medullary thyroid cancer? What is difference in the two mutations? (bonus Q)

A

Hirschsprung - RET gene loss of function

Along with Papillary thyroid cancer - those are gain of function mutations

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19
Q

Hirschsprung disease - which embryonic issue?

A

Due to failure of neural crest cell migration

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20
Q

Which GI disease can cause recurrent UTI and pneumaturia?

A

Chron disease, due to enterovesical fistulae

Diverticulitis, due to colorvesical fistulae

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21
Q

Which IBD is Th1 mediated/Th2 mediated?

A

Th1 - Crohn (granulomas)

Th2 - UC (no granulomas)

22
Q

Which IBD may need to be treated with Citrate?,

A

Crohn - Calcium oxalate stones

23
Q

Bonus q - which complication of Crohn’s tends to occur at low pH?

A

Calcium oxalate stones

24
Q

Which IBD has oral lesions with a grey base surrounded by eythema?

A

Both Crohn’s and UC could have aphthous ulcers as a complication

25
Q

Which IBD is assoc with biliary issues? Which issues?

A

Both
Crohn’s - gall stones
UC - Primary sclerosing cholangitis

26
Q

Which diverticula is most likely to occur where vasa recta perforate muscularis externa?

A

Psuedo (false) diverticulum - the wall is weaker there

27
Q

Possible consequence of Zenker?

A

If food aspirated - can lead to Aspiration Pneumonia

28
Q

What is a cystic dilation of vitelline duct?

A

Omphalomesenteric cyst

29
Q

Which disease is associated with failure to pass meconium within 48 hrs and bilious emesis?

A

Hirschsprung

30
Q

Which other congenital disease is assoc with Hirschsprung?

A

Down’s

31
Q

red currant jelly stools seen with which Gi disorder?

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia

32
Q

Atherosclerosis of celiac a, SMA, IMA is seen in which disease?

A

Chronic mesenteric ischemia

33
Q

Colonic ischemia most likely affects which anatomical areas?

A

Watershed areas - splenic flexure, distal colon

34
Q

What is Angiodysplasia in the GI? What part of GI affected most often?

A

Tortuous dilation of vessels –> hematochezia, seen in cecum, terminal illeum, asc colon

35
Q

Pt wih constipation, no flatus, distended abdomen, low or no bowel sounds? Pot Causes?

A

Ileus; abdominal surgeries, opiates, hypokalemia, sepsis

36
Q

Which gene mutation of an ion channel will lead to failure to pass meconium at birth?

A

CFTR, Cl channel defect, meconium plug block intestine.

37
Q

Which disease is seen in formula fed premature infants?

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis - esp in premature bc of dec immune system.

38
Q

Which disease leads to pneumatosis intestinalis, free air in abdomen, portal venous gas?

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis - necrosis of colonic mucosa lead to potential perforation.

39
Q

What AD disease of chr 19 can lead to colonic polyps? what type of polyp?

A

Peutz Jeghers, Hamartomatous

40
Q

Which gene mutation in lung (and pancreatic) cancer is also associated with colonic polyps? What type of polyp?

A

KRAS mutation, Adenomatous

41
Q

T or F? Villous adenomatous polyps are more likely to be malignant than tubular polyps?

A

True - tubulovillous are intermed. Villous - villian = bad.

42
Q

Which premalignant colonic polyp is associated with CpG hypermethylation?

A

Serrated polyps, aslo assoc with microsatellite instability

43
Q

Which ser/threonine kinase gene mutation is associated with Papillary thyroid cancer, melanoma is also associated with coloic polyps - what type of polyp?

A

BRAF mutation, Serrated polyps

44
Q

Which disease is associated with thousands of polyps arising post puberty?

A

FAP

45
Q

Which poylposis syndrome is associated with CNS symptoms?

A

Turcot - ahem…according to First Aid, Turcot = Turban. side eye

46
Q

Which chromosome is associated with FAP?

A
  1. If you laugh at the word FAP, it’s because you’re 5.
47
Q

Which type of polyp is seen in Juvenile polyposis syndrome?

A

hamartomatous

48
Q

Which two colonic diseases are associated with microsatellite instability?

A

Serrated colonic polyps, HNPCC

49
Q

Which colonic disease also associated with endometrial, ovarian, and skin cancer?

A

HNPCC

50
Q

Which colonic disease has a problem with DNA mismatch repair genes?

A

HNPCC -

51
Q

Most likely location for HNPCC?

A

Prox colon

52
Q

Which type of polyposis is associated with eye and teeth issues?

A

Gardner = FAP + osseus and soft tissue tumors + congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium + impacted/supernumerary teeth

FIRST aid 2015 - Sahaja (31 decks)

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