First Aid pg 332-336 Endo Flashcards
Major causes of hyperparathyroidism?
Pit adenoma, hyperplasia
Which parameters increase in the urine with primary hyperparathyroidism?
calcium, inc PTH, inc ALP, cAMP
In Osteitis fibrosa cystica, what are the cystic bone spaces filled with?
filled with brown fibrous tissue - brown because of deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage
Presentation of hyperparathyroidism?
weakness, constipation, abdominal/flank pain ( kidney stones, acute pancreatitis) depression
Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
What sets it apart from other causes?
chronic renal disease, will show hyperphosphatemia (other causes = hypophosphatemia)
Pituitary adenomas are most often associated with the increase of what hormone?
PRL - sx/ amenorrhea, galactorrhea, low libido, infertility
Treatment for prolactinoma
- Dopamine agonist - Bromocriptine, Cabergoline 2.Transsphenoidal resection
Which test is associated with acromegaly to confirm Dx?
failure to suppress serum GH following oral glucose tolerance test
What is increased in serum with acromegaly?
IGF-1
Which two drugs are used in acromegaly and mech of action?
Octreotide - somatostatin analogue (-) GH release
Pegvisomant - ( GH-R inhibitor - “Put a peg in that viisible growth, man”)
Secondary Nephrogenic DBI is associated with which drugs?
Lithium, Demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)
Difference in lab values with Central v Nephrogenic DBI?
Central - dec ADH, increase in urine osmo with ADH analogue
Nephrogenic - normal ADH , no change in urine osm with ADH analogue
3 drugs used to treat Nephrogenic DBI?
HCTZ, Indomethacin, Amiloride
4 major causes of SIADH?
Ectopic (Small cell lung cancer)
CNS disorders/head trauma
Pulm disease
Drugs
("Lungs, and brain, and drugs, and cancer)Which endocrine disorder is associated with large tongue ,odor, spaces between the teeth?
Acromegaly - tongue has deep furrows, have big sweat glands and are prone to odor, and have spaces between teeth
Other poss q stem sx/ arthritis, gout, large toes/fingers/nose/head, impaired glucose tolerance, polyps, thick neck, coarse facial features, carpal tunnel, cardiomegaly
If the pituitary stalk is cut due to trauma, what is the triphasic response?
DBI–>SIADH–>DBI
What is the carrier protein for ADH?
Neurophysin
Failing to correct sodium levels slowly in SIADH leads to what pathology?
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Why do you not see edema, rales, or JVD in SIADH?
It’s a euvolemic condition, only Na is decreased in the body, urinating out a ton of Na, while retaining H2O
What is ischemic infarct of the pituitary associated with?
postpartum bleeding
Most common presentation of Sheehan syndrome?
failure to lactate (Opp of GH-oma) and loss of pubic hair
Other sx/dec T4, 24hr cortisol,
Most common cause of death in Diabetes mellitus?
MI - when associated with large vessel atherosclerosis
Osmotic damage in DB associated with?
increased sorbitol in organs with aldose reductase
or dec/no sorbitol DH
HLA associations of T1DB?
DR3 & 4
What type of deposits are seen in islet cells in T2DB?
amyloid polypeptide
leukocyte infiltration is seen in islets of which type of diabetes?
T1DB
Most common infection precipitating diabetic ketoacidosis? Most common infection as a result of it?
UTI, mucormycosis
Inc c peptide levels associated with which Dx?
Insulinoma
Most common malignancy in SI?
Carcinoid syndrome
Why are high levels of 5-HT not seen in carcinoid syndrome localized in GI?
Undergoes first pass metabolism
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with carcinoid syndrome?
niacin - pellagra
What marker is increased in the urine with carcinoid syndrome?
5-H1AA
Which side of the heart is affected in carcinoid syndrome (valves)?
R sided valvular disease
Increased gastrin secretion from a tumor can be localized in which two areas?
Pancreas and duodenum
A gastrin secreting tumor is associated with which endocrine neoplasia?
MEN I
proliferation and hyperplasia of parietal cells leading to increase mass of fundic glands is assoc with which dx?
Z-E syndrome
Why is Z-E syndrome associated with diarrhea?
Bc inc gastric acid will inhibit digestive enzmes, cant digest nutrients
