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FIRST aid 2015 - Sahaja > First Aid pg 332-336 Endo > Flashcards

First Aid pg 332-336 Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Major causes of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Pit adenoma, hyperplasia

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2
Q

Which parameters increase in the urine with primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

calcium, inc PTH, inc ALP, cAMP

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3
Q

In Osteitis fibrosa cystica, what are the cystic bone spaces filled with?

A

filled with brown fibrous tissue - brown because of deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage

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4
Q

Presentation of hyperparathyroidism?

A

weakness, constipation, abdominal/flank pain ( kidney stones, acute pancreatitis) depression

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5
Q

Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

What sets it apart from other causes?

A

chronic renal disease, will show hyperphosphatemia (other causes = hypophosphatemia)

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6
Q

Pituitary adenomas are most often associated with the increase of what hormone?

A

PRL - sx/ amenorrhea, galactorrhea, low libido, infertility

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7
Q

Treatment for prolactinoma

A
  1. Dopamine agonist - Bromocriptine, Cabergoline 2.Transsphenoidal resection
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8
Q

Which test is associated with acromegaly to confirm Dx?

A

failure to suppress serum GH following oral glucose tolerance test

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9
Q

What is increased in serum with acromegaly?

A

IGF-1

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10
Q

Which two drugs are used in acromegaly and mech of action?

A

Octreotide - somatostatin analogue (-) GH release

Pegvisomant - ( GH-R inhibitor - “Put a peg in that viisible growth, man”)

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11
Q

Secondary Nephrogenic DBI is associated with which drugs?

A

Lithium, Demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)

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12
Q

Difference in lab values with Central v Nephrogenic DBI?

A

Central - dec ADH, increase in urine osmo with ADH analogue

Nephrogenic - normal ADH , no change in urine osm with ADH analogue

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13
Q

3 drugs used to treat Nephrogenic DBI?

A

HCTZ, Indomethacin, Amiloride

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14
Q

4 major causes of SIADH?

A 
Ectopic (Small cell lung cancer)
CNS disorders/head trauma
Pulm disease
Drugs
("Lungs, and brain, and drugs, and cancer)
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15
Q

Which endocrine disorder is associated with large tongue ,odor, spaces between the teeth?

A

Acromegaly - tongue has deep furrows, have big sweat glands and are prone to odor, and have spaces between teeth
Other poss q stem sx/ arthritis, gout, large toes/fingers/nose/head, impaired glucose tolerance, polyps, thick neck, coarse facial features, carpal tunnel, cardiomegaly

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16
Q

If the pituitary stalk is cut due to trauma, what is the triphasic response?

A

DBI–>SIADH–>DBI

17
Q

What is the carrier protein for ADH?

A

Neurophysin

18
Q

Failing to correct sodium levels slowly in SIADH leads to what pathology?

A

Osmotic demyelination syndrome

19
Q

Why do you not see edema, rales, or JVD in SIADH?

A

It’s a euvolemic condition, only Na is decreased in the body, urinating out a ton of Na, while retaining H2O

20
Q

What is ischemic infarct of the pituitary associated with?

A

postpartum bleeding

21
Q

Most common presentation of Sheehan syndrome?

A

failure to lactate (Opp of GH-oma) and loss of pubic hair

Other sx/dec T4, 24hr cortisol,

22
Q

Most common cause of death in Diabetes mellitus?

A

MI - when associated with large vessel atherosclerosis

23
Q

Osmotic damage in DB associated with?

A

increased sorbitol in organs with aldose reductase

or dec/no sorbitol DH

24
Q

HLA associations of T1DB?

A

DR3 & 4

25
Q

What type of deposits are seen in islet cells in T2DB?

A

amyloid polypeptide

26
Q

leukocyte infiltration is seen in islets of which type of diabetes?

A

T1DB

27
Q

Most common infection precipitating diabetic ketoacidosis? Most common infection as a result of it?

A

UTI, mucormycosis

28
Q

Inc c peptide levels associated with which Dx?

A

Insulinoma

29
Q

Most common malignancy in SI?

A

Carcinoid syndrome

30
Q

Why are high levels of 5-HT not seen in carcinoid syndrome localized in GI?

A

Undergoes first pass metabolism

31
Q

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with carcinoid syndrome?

A

niacin - pellagra

32
Q

What marker is increased in the urine with carcinoid syndrome?

A

5-H1AA

33
Q

Which side of the heart is affected in carcinoid syndrome (valves)?

A

R sided valvular disease

34
Q

Increased gastrin secretion from a tumor can be localized in which two areas?

A

Pancreas and duodenum

35
Q

A gastrin secreting tumor is associated with which endocrine neoplasia?

A

MEN I

36
Q

proliferation and hyperplasia of parietal cells leading to increase mass of fundic glands is assoc with which dx?

A

Z-E syndrome

37
Q

Why is Z-E syndrome associated with diarrhea?

A

Bc inc gastric acid will inhibit digestive enzmes, cant digest nutrients

FIRST aid 2015 - Sahaja (31 decks)

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