First Aid pg 285-290 Cardio

Question 1

Which nerves are afferent to the solitary nucleus from the carotid and aortic body?

Answer 1

CN9 & 10

Question 2

Which CV disease associated with DeGeorge?

Answer 2

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus, Tetrology of Fallot

Question 3

Which congenital heart disease would need a VSD /PDA for viable life?

Answer 3

All R-L shunts

Question 4

Due to failure of aorticopulmary septum formation?

Answer 4

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Question 5

Due to failure of aorticopulmary septum to spiral?

Answer 5

Transposition of Great Vessels

Question 6

What bedside maneuver would improve cyanosis in Tetrology of Fallot? why?

Answer 6

Squatting - inc systemic vasc resistence, dec R–> L shunt

Question 7

Which congenital CV disease assoc with maternal mood disorder?

Answer 7

Ebstein anomaly - can be caused by Li exposure in utero if mother is bipolar

Question 8

CV disease due to failure of neural crest cells to migrate?

Answer 8

Persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 9

What stimulates the baroreceptors near the heart and what is the result?

Answer 9

Hypotension; Vasoconstriciton and increasing HR, BP and contractility

Question 10

Cushing Reflex triad

Answer 10

hypertension, bradycardia, respiratory depression

Question 11

Types of chemoreceptors and stimulators for them

Answer 11

Peripheral: lower Po2, lower pH, high PCo2
Central: changes in pH and PCo2 (brain interstitial fluid)

Question 12

What does PWCP measure (approximate)?

Answer 12

Left atrial pressure (<12mmHg)

Question 13

Hypoxia’s effect on the Lung’s vessels

Answer 13

Vasoconstriction

Question 14

Metabolites that influence the heart

Answer 14

Adenosine, NO, CO2, low O2

Question 15

Metabolites that influence skeletal muscle during exercise

Answer 15

Adenosine, CO2, lactate, K, H

Question 16

formula for net fluid flow

Answer 16

Kf[(Pc-Pi)-c(pic-pii)]

Question 17

Edema is commonly caused by

Answer 17

increasing capillary pressure(HF)
decreased plasma proteins(nephrotic syndrome, liver failure, protein malnutrition)
increased capillary permeability (toxins, infxns, burns)
increased fluid colloid osmotic pressure (lymph blockage)

Question 18

R->Left Shunts 5T’s

Answer 18

Truncus arteriosus
Transposition
Tricuspid atresia
Tetraolgy of Fallot
TAPVR

Question 19

Frequency of L-R shunt CV disease from most common to least?

Answer 19

VSD>ASD>PDA

Question 20

Which L-> R shunt assoc with Cri du Chat?

Answer 20

VSD

Question 21

Female patient with broad chest and widely spaced nipples and streak ovaries would likely have which Congenital CV disease

Answer 21

Preductal Coarctation of Aorta or Bicuspid Aortic valve - this woman has Turners

Question 22

Late cyanosis in lower extremities

Answer 22

PDA

Question 23

Assoc with notching of ribs

Answer 23

post ductal Coarctation of Aorta

Question 24

Assoc with clubbing of fingers and polycythemia?

Answer 24

Eisenmenger Syndrome

Question 25

In persistent truncus arteriosus, most patients have accompanying

Answer 25

VSD

Question 26

D-transposition of great vessels is due to what? What is the life expectancy of infants

Answer 26

failure of aorticopulmonary septum to spiral.

Most infants die within the first few months of life.

Question 27

Tricuspid atresia is

Answer 27

Absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic RV

Question 28

Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 28

1 Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
2 RVH
3 Overriding aorta
4 VSD

Question 29

TAPVR Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is associated with

Answer 29

ASD and sometimes PDA to allow for right->left shunting to maintain cardiac output.

Question 30

Ebstein anomaly is seen if the mother has bipolar disease and ingested

Answer 30

Lithium exposure in utero

Question 31

If Sahaja drinks too much this weekend with Rachita, what is her child at risk for developing?

Answer 31

VSD, PDA, ASD, Tetrology of Fallot

Question 32

A pt with a microdeletion of chromosome 7 would likely have what disease?

Answer 32

Supravalvular aortic stenosis, pt has Williams

Question 33

Mother has fever, infection, swollen lymph nodes and rash that travels down the body during pregnancy - child is at risk for?

Answer 33

PDA, Pulm a stenosis, septal defects

Question 34

Tall man with abnormally long arms are prone to which heart disorders?

Answer 34

MVP, Aortic regurgitation, thoracic aortic aneurysm