Final Review - PAMs

Question 1

When to use PAMs

Answer 1

Pain, edema, muscle weakness, bones spurs/calcification, scar reduction, wound healing, muscle re-edu, ROM, muscle spasms

Question 2

Hot Packs

Answer 2

105-115 - take out with tongs; gen 6 layers; old skin, more layers; always tell they can take it off; No if open wound

Question 3

Whirlpool/Hydrotherapy & Fluidotherapy

Answer 3

W/H: 100-105; no if open wound

F: 100-115; feels like sand - corn husks

Question 4

Paraffin

Answer 4

120-130; dip extremity in wax 10x and leave for 10-20 min

Question 5

Ultrasound (Measured watts per cm squared/Appx 8m)

Answer 5

Deep heat via acoustic energy that is inaudible; does not require formal MD order;
Duty cycle - continuous = heat, pulse = heal

Question 6

Phonophoresis

Answer 6

Ultrasound with the use of topically applied med to the tissue; NEED MD order

Question 7

NMES

Answer 7

Nuromus E-Stim through intact peripheral nerves

Uses: strengthening, decrease spasm, reduce edema

Question 8

EMS

Answer 8

Electrical Mus Stim of denervated muscle

Uses: Nerve regen

Question 9

FES

Answer 9

Functional E-Stim to facilitate function; Similar to NMES ex: Bioness
Uses: increase performance function

Question 10

TENS

Answer 10

Trancutaneous E-Stim for pain control; Electric tylenol

Uses: decrease pain, last resort, pt can bring home

Question 11

Iontophoresis

Answer 11

Low voltage direct current to ionize topically applied med
Ususally appx 20m and end with this
Uses: decrease pain, edema, scar tissue and break up bone spurs

Question 12

BNR - Ultrasound

Answer 12

BNR: Beam non-uniformity ratio - intensity of the beam varies within sound wave (why transducer is kept
moving)

Question 13

ERA - Ultrasound

Answer 13

ERA: Effective Radiating Area: Crystal is much smaller than diameter of transducer