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Anatomy And Physiology > Final review > Flashcards

Final review Flashcards

1
Q

Graded potentials

A
  1. Cell at rest, gates are closed
  2. Stimulus opens gates
  3. Na+ comes in and depolarizes the cell
    NOT TO THRESHOLD
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2
Q

Type A neuron

A

Myelinated
Needs less ATP
Quick

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3
Q

Type B neuron

A

Lightly myelinated
Medium speed

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4
Q

Type C neuron

A

Unmyelinated
Slow

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5
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Where EPSPs and IPSIs are integrated

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6
Q

EPSP

A

Excitatory post synaptic potential
Temporary depolarization

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7
Q

IPSP

A

Inhibitory post synaptic potential
Reduces action potential (hyperpolarizes it)

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8
Q

Temporal Summation

A

Receive multiple stimuli from ONE presynaptic neuron

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9
Q

Spatial summation

A

Receive multiple stimuli from MULTIPLE presynaptic neurons

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10
Q

Most to common neuron type?

A

Multipolar
Brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Where can you find bipolar neurons?

A

Eyes
Nose
Ear

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12
Q

When are unipolar neurons found?

A

After we die

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Top of brainstem
Process audiovisual info
Maintain consciousness

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14
Q

What controls skeletal muscle movement?

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

Process/filter sensory info

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Emotions
Hormones
Body temperature
Autonomic centers

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17
Q

Epithalamus

A

Secrete melatonin (pineal gland)
Regulate sleep
Sense of smell
Connect limbic system to other areas
Circadian rhythms

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18
Q

Dura Mater

A

Stabilize and support brain

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19
Q

Subdural space

A

Contains blood and fluid

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20
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Arachnoid trabeculae
Support cerebral arteries and veins

21
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Choroid plexus
Make CSF

22
Q

Pia Mater

A

Adheres to brain

23
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Astrocyte perivascular feet
Capillary endothelial cells
CAN NOT PASS: large or polar (water soluble)

24
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Vasomotor function
Respiratory function
Autonomic function (HR, BP, Breathing)

25
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Voluntary movement
Thinking
Memory
Social Skills
Emotion
Impulse control
Problem solving

26
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory input
Body awareness
Spatial coordination
Object manipulation

27
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory input
Encoding memories

28
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual processing info
Spatial reasoning
Memory formation/storage

29
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Controls body movements and chemical signaling
Midbrain

30
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Motor control (smooth movement)
Motor learning

31
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Made of cell bodies of sensory neurons
Transmits sensory info form PNS to CNS
Lateral to spinal column

32
Q

Ventral root

A

Motor nerve carries info from CNS to muscle

33
Q

Corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway

A

Voluntary muscle control

34
Q

Extrapyramidal Pathway

A

Involuntary movement
Posture

35
Q

Spinocerebellar pathway

A

Unconscious proprioception from lower body and trunk to cerebellum

36
Q

Spinothalamic Pathway

A

Sensory info from skin to somatosensory area of thalamus

37
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Preganglion cells

A

Myelinated
Long

38
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Postganglion cells

A

Unmyelinated
Short

39
Q

cGMP

A

Dark: High levels to keep Na+ channels open, depolarize the cell
Light: Low levels keep channels closed, Hyperpolarization

40
Q

Cis-retinal

A

Bound to rhodopsin
Absorbs light
Kickstart phototransduction

41
Q

Phototransduction

A

Converts light into electrical signal in retina

42
Q

Opsin

A

Light gated ion channel
Absorb light at specific wavelengths

43
Q

Pons

A

Links medulla to thalamus
Send signals between forebrain and cerebellum
Taste, Touch, Communicate

44
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Control voluntary movement

44
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotions, Motivation, Memory, Behavior
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal Ganglia

44
Q

Post central gyrus

A

Maps sense of touch

45
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

Behavioral response to environmental stimuli
Orient motor response
Visuospatial attention
Perceptual decision making
Eye and head movements

46
Q
A

Anatomy And Physiology (19 decks)

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