Final review Flashcards

1
Q

Graded potentials

A
  1. Cell at rest, gates are closed
  2. Stimulus opens gates
  3. Na+ comes in and depolarizes the cell
    NOT TO THRESHOLD
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2
Q

Type A neuron

A

Myelinated
Needs less ATP
Quick

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3
Q

Type B neuron

A

Lightly myelinated
Medium speed

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4
Q

Type C neuron

A

Unmyelinated
Slow

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5
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Where EPSPs and IPSIs are integrated

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6
Q

EPSP

A

Excitatory post synaptic potential
Temporary depolarization

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7
Q

IPSP

A

Inhibitory post synaptic potential
Reduces action potential (hyperpolarizes it)

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8
Q

Temporal Summation

A

Receive multiple stimuli from ONE presynaptic neuron

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9
Q

Spatial summation

A

Receive multiple stimuli from MULTIPLE presynaptic neurons

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10
Q

Most to common neuron type?

A

Multipolar
Brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Where can you find bipolar neurons?

A

Eyes
Nose
Ear

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12
Q

When are unipolar neurons found?

A

After we die

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13
Q

Midbrain

A

Top of brainstem
Process audiovisual info
Maintain consciousness

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14
Q

What controls skeletal muscle movement?

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

Process/filter sensory info

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Emotions
Hormones
Body temperature
Autonomic centers

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17
Q

Epithalamus

A

Secrete melatonin (pineal gland)
Regulate sleep
Sense of smell
Connect limbic system to other areas
Circadian rhythms

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18
Q

Dura Mater

A

Stabilize and support brain

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19
Q

Subdural space

A

Contains blood and fluid

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20
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Arachnoid trabeculae
Support cerebral arteries and veins

21
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Choroid plexus
Make CSF

22
Q

Pia Mater

A

Adheres to brain

23
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Astrocyte perivascular feet
Capillary endothelial cells
CAN NOT PASS: large or polar (water soluble)

24
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Vasomotor function
Respiratory function
Autonomic function (HR, BP, Breathing)

25
Frontal lobe
Voluntary movement Thinking Memory Social Skills Emotion Impulse control Problem solving
26
Parietal lobe
Sensory input Body awareness Spatial coordination Object manipulation
27
Temporal lobe
Auditory input Encoding memories
28
Occipital lobe
Visual processing info Spatial reasoning Memory formation/storage
29
Substantia Nigra
Controls body movements and chemical signaling Midbrain
30
Basal Ganglia
Motor control (smooth movement) Motor learning
31
Dorsal root ganglion
Made of cell bodies of sensory neurons Transmits sensory info form PNS to CNS Lateral to spinal column
32
Ventral root
Motor nerve carries info from CNS to muscle
33
Corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway
Voluntary muscle control
34
Extrapyramidal Pathway
Involuntary movement Posture
35
Spinocerebellar pathway
Unconscious proprioception from lower body and trunk to cerebellum
36
Spinothalamic Pathway
Sensory info from skin to somatosensory area of thalamus
37
Autonomic Nervous System Preganglion cells
Myelinated Long
38
Autonomic Nervous System Postganglion cells
Unmyelinated Short
39
cGMP
Dark: High levels to keep Na+ channels open, depolarize the cell Light: Low levels keep channels closed, Hyperpolarization
40
Cis-retinal
Bound to rhodopsin Absorbs light Kickstart phototransduction
41
Phototransduction
Converts light into electrical signal in retina
42
Opsin
Light gated ion channel Absorb light at specific wavelengths
43
Pons
Links medulla to thalamus Send signals between forebrain and cerebellum Taste, Touch, Communicate
44
Precentral gyrus
Control voluntary movement
44
Limbic system
Emotions, Motivation, Memory, Behavior Amygdala Hippocampus Thalamus Hypothalamus Basal Ganglia
44
Post central gyrus
Maps sense of touch
45
Superior Colliculus
Behavioral response to environmental stimuli Orient motor response Visuospatial attention Perceptual decision making Eye and head movements
46