Chapter 8

Question 1

Articulations

Answer 1

Joints
Between bones
Structure determines type and movement
Joint strength decreases as mobility increases

Question 2

Synarthrosis

Answer 2

Immovable, strong
Edges touch
Sutures
Gomphosis (bony socket for teeth)
Synchondrosis (growth plate)
Synostosis (epiphyseal line)

Question 3

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 3

Some movement
Interconnected by collagen/cartilage
Interosseous membrane
Syndesmosis: ligaments connect
Symphysis: fibrous cartilage separates vertebra, hip bones

Question 4

Diarthrosis

Answer 4

Most common/ movable
End of long bones
Articular capsule
Lined with synovial membrane
In synovial fluid

Question 5

Synovial joints

Answer 5

Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage: reduce friction between bones during movement, absorb shock
Articular capsule: fibrous membrane ( ligaments, dense irregular connective tissue) and synovial membrane (fills fluid cavity with synovial fluid, areolar tissue with elastic fibers)

Question 6

Synovial fluid

Answer 6

Viscous yellow/white fluid
Lube
Shock absorption
Nutrient distribution to waste disposal from chondrocytes in articular cartilage
“Warm up” benefit: increased production, lower viscosity
Contains phagocytic cells

Question 7

Accessory structures and their function

Answer 7

Fibrocartilage: cushion, tighter fit
Fat pads: protect articular cartilage
Ligaments: support, strengthen joints
Tendons: not articulation, lend support
Bursa: not articulation, reduce friction