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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of internal and external structures of the body, physical relationships between parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Surface, Regional, Systemic, Developmental, Clinical

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4
Q

Microscopic

A

Cytology and Histology

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5
Q

Integumentary System

A

Protects against environmental hazards, regulate body temp, takes in sensory info (skin, hair, sweat glands, nails)

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6
Q

Skeletal System

A

Support and protection, store calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells (bone, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow)

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7
Q

Muscular System

A

Movement, protection and support, generates heat (tendons, skeletal muscles)

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8
Q

Nervous System

A

Direct immediate response to stimuli, coordinates other system activities, provide sensory info about external conditions (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs)

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9
Q

Endocrine System

A

Direct long-term changes in organ system activities, adjusts metabolic activity/energy, control structural and functional changes during development (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, endocrine tissues in other systems)

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10
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials (nutrients/waste products/oxygen/CO2), Distribute heat (heart, blood, blood vessels

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11
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Defend against infection/disease, returns tissue fluids to bloodstream (spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils)

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12
Q

Respiratory System

A

Delivers air to alveoli (gas exchange), provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, produce sound for communication (nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli)

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13
Q

Digestive System

A

Process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, absorb nutrients, stores energy reserves. (Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas)

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14
Q

Urinary System

A

Excrete waste from blood, controls water balance by regulating urine volume, stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, regulates blood ion concentrations and pH (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)

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15
Q

Reproductive System (Male)

A

produce sperm, suspending fluids and hormones, sex (testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, ductus deferential, prostate gland, penis, scrotum)

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16
Q

Reproductive System (Female)

A

Produce oocytes and hormones, sex, support developing embryo, provides milk to nourish newborn infant (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands)

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17
Q

Homeostasis

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable environment (systems respond within set point)

18
Q

Autoregulation (Intrinsic)

A

First response, Automatic response in a cell/tissue/organ (O2 levels drop so cells tell blood vessels to dilate to increase blood flow and supply more O2)

19
Q

Extrinsic Response

A

Backup response, Response controlled by nervous and endocrine systems (exercise causes the heart rate to increase to circulate blood faster and reduce blood flow to digestive tract

20
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Response of effector negates original stimulus

21
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Response of the effector increases change of stimulus, body moves farther away from homeostasis, speeds up processes (blood clotting, cervix stretching during birth)

22
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Covers the outside of the body

23
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Covers different areas/sections of the body

24
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Covers all the organ systems

25
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

Covers the anatomical changes from conception to maturity

26
Q

Clinical Anatomy

A

Covers the medical specialties

27
Q

Cytology

A

Covers cells and their structures

28
Q

Histology

A

Covers body tissues and their structures

29
Q

Disease is an indicator of… ?

A

Homeostatic failure

30
Q

If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a _______ feedback system.

A

Positive

31
Q

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)… ?

A

Effector

32
Q

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

A

Skeletal

33
Q

Which organ system includes the spleen and tonsils?

A

Lymphatic system

34
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?

A

Produces a more rapid response than the nervous system

35
Q

In general, the nervous system does each of the following except…?

A

Direct long-term responses to change

36
Q

List 4 major organs of the integumentary system.

A

Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails

37
Q

True or False: There are more than 50 tissue types in the body.

A

False

38
Q

The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of liver cells is to… ?

A

Cytology

39
Q

Anatomy is to structure as physiology is to… ?

A

Function

40
Q

Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts.

A

Anatomy

41
Q

Cardiovascular function is an example of… ?

A

Systemic physiology

Anatomy And Physiology (19 decks)

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