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Medical Terminology > Final Exam Vocabulary Etc. > Flashcards

Final Exam Vocabulary Etc. Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

coronal

A

frontal

front/back

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2
Q

axial

A

transverse

upper/lower

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3
Q

sagittal

A

midsagittal

right/left

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4
Q

superior

A

above/towards the head

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5
Q

inferior

A

below/towards the feet (tail)

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6
Q

superficial

A

near the surface of the body

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7
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

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8
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

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9
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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10
Q

ventral

A

anterior

toward the belly of the body

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11
Q

dorsal

A

posterior

pertaining to the back

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12
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk/torso

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13
Q

proximal

A

towards the trunk

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14
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back

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15
Q

prone

A

lying facedown on the abdomen

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16
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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17
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to organs

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18
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the bottom of the foot

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19
Q

flexion

A

bending

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20
Q

extension

A

straightening

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21
Q

adduction

A

toward the midline (add)

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22
Q

abduction

A

away from midline

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23
Q

supination

A

palms up

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24
Q

pronation

A

palm down

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25
Q

dorsiflexion

A

toe pointed up

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26
Q

plantar flexion

A

toe pointed down

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27
Q

2 divisions of nervous system

A

CNS/PNS

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28
Q

CNS =

A

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

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29
Q

PNS =

A

peripheral nervous system

cranial and spinal nerves

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30
Q

PNS is divided into:

A 
SNS = somatic nervous system
ANS = autonomic nervous system
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31
Q

SNS =

A

somatic

voluntary - controls skeletal muscles

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32
Q

ANS =

A

autonomic

involuntary - controls smooth muscles and glands

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33
Q

afferent

A

sensory

carries impulses from body to CNS

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34
Q

efferent

A

motor

carries impulses from CNS to muscles and glands

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35
Q

interneurons

A

carries impulses from afferent to efferent

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36
Q

dendrites

A

carries impulses toward the cell body

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37
Q

axons

A

carries impulses away from the cell body

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38
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets
no Hgb
clot blood

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39
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBC
transport O2
Large Hgb

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40
Q

leukocytes

A

WBC
colorless
need staining
kills pathogens

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41
Q

claudication

A

cramps in calves

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42
Q

edema

A

swelling

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43
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of liver

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44
Q

bruit

A

murmur

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45
Q

infarction

A

tissue death

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46
Q

ischemia

A

decreased oxygen to tissue

47
Q

orthopnea

A

sitting up or standing makes breathing comfortable

48
Q

nocturia

A

urination at night

49
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint bruises on skin

50
Q

palpation

A

feeling for abnormalities

51
Q

auscultation

A

listening with stethoscope

52
Q

percussion

A

tapping to hear abnormalities

53
Q

cataract

A

cloudiness of lens

54
Q

chalazion

A

stye

55
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure

56
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging eyes

57
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary eye movement

58
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

59
Q

otitis media

A

middle ear infection

60
Q

photophobia

A

unable to tolerate light

61
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

62
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the inner ear

63
Q

asymptomatic

A

without symptoms

64
Q

calculus

A

stone (kidney)

65
Q

micturition

A

urination/voiding

66
Q

ureter

A

carries urine from the kidney to bladder

67
Q

urethra

A

carries urine from the bladder to outside the body

68
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urination

69
Q

a-

A

no, not, without

70
Q

ab-

A

away from, from

71
Q

ad-

A

toward, increase

72
Q

anti-

A

against

73
Q

bi-

A

two, double

74
Q

brady-

A

slow

75
Q

con-

A

together, with

76
Q

contra-

A

against

77
Q

dextro-

A

right

78
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

79
Q

endo-

A

inner, within

80
Q

epi-

A

upon, over

81
Q

erythro-

A

red

82
Q

hemi-

A

half

83
Q

hydro-

A

water

84
Q

hypo-

A

below, under, beneath, less than normal

85
Q

hyper-

A

excessive

86
Q

inter-

A

between

87
Q

leuko-

A

white

88
Q

melano-

A

black

89
Q

multi-

A

many

90
Q

peri-

A

around

91
Q

pre-

A

before, in front of

92
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

93
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

94
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

95
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to/relating to

96
Q

-blast

A

embryonic stage of development

97
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

98
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

99
Q

-ism

A

condition

100
Q

-logy

A

study of

101
Q

-oid

A

resembling

102
Q

-ole

A

small, little

103
Q

-oma

A

tumor

104
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

105
Q

-(o)stomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening

106
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

107
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

108
Q

-penia

A

deficiency, decrease in

109
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

110
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing

111
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

112
Q

-(o)tomy

A

incision into

113
Q

-tripsy

A

intentional crushing

114
Q

-uria

A

characteristic of urine

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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