Final Exam Vocabulary Etc. Flashcards
1
Q
coronal
A
frontal
front/back
2
Q
axial
A
transverse
upper/lower
3
Q
sagittal
A
midsagittal
right/left
4
Q
superior
A
above/towards the head
5
Q
inferior
A
below/towards the feet (tail)
6
Q
superficial
A
near the surface of the body
7
Q
deep
A
away from the surface
8
Q
medial
A
toward the midline
9
Q
lateral
A
away from the midline
10
Q
ventral
A
anterior
toward the belly of the body
11
Q
dorsal
A
posterior
pertaining to the back
12
Q
distal
A
away from the trunk/torso
13
Q
proximal
A
towards the trunk
14
Q
supine
A
lying horizontally on the back
15
Q
prone
A
lying facedown on the abdomen
16
Q
caudal
A
pertaining to the tail
17
Q
visceral
A
pertaining to organs
18
Q
plantar
A
pertaining to the bottom of the foot
19
Q
flexion
A
bending
20
Q
extension
A
straightening
21
Q
adduction
A
toward the midline (add)
22
Q
abduction
A
away from midline
23
Q
supination
A
palms up
24
Q
pronation
A
palm down
25
dorsiflexion
toe pointed up
26
plantar flexion
toe pointed down
27
2 divisions of nervous system
CNS/PNS
28
CNS =
central nervous system
| brain and spinal cord
29
PNS =
peripheral nervous system
| cranial and spinal nerves
30
PNS is divided into:
```
SNS = somatic nervous system
ANS = autonomic nervous system
```
31
SNS =
somatic
| voluntary - controls skeletal muscles
32
ANS =
autonomic
| involuntary - controls smooth muscles and glands
33
afferent
sensory
| carries impulses from body to CNS
34
efferent
motor
| carries impulses from CNS to muscles and glands
35
interneurons
carries impulses from afferent to efferent
36
dendrites
carries impulses toward the cell body
37
axons
carries impulses away from the cell body
38
thrombocytes
platelets
no Hgb
clot blood
39
erythrocytes
RBC
transport O2
Large Hgb
40
leukocytes
WBC
colorless
need staining
kills pathogens
41
claudication
cramps in calves
42
edema
swelling
43
hepatomegaly
enlargement of liver
44
bruit
murmur
45
infarction
tissue death
46
ischemia
decreased oxygen to tissue
47
orthopnea
sitting up or standing makes breathing comfortable
48
nocturia
urination at night
49
petechiae
pinpoint bruises on skin
50
palpation
feeling for abnormalities
51
auscultation
listening with stethoscope
52
percussion
tapping to hear abnormalities
53
cataract
cloudiness of lens
54
chalazion
stye
55
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure
56
exophthalmos
bulging eyes
57
nystagmus
involuntary eye movement
58
myopia
nearsightedness
59
otitis media
middle ear infection
60
photophobia
unable to tolerate light
61
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
62
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the inner ear
63
asymptomatic
without symptoms
64
calculus
stone (kidney)
65
micturition
urination/voiding
66
ureter
carries urine from the kidney to bladder
67
urethra
carries urine from the bladder to outside the body
68
incontinence
inability to control urination
69
a-
no, not, without
70
ab-
away from, from
71
ad-
toward, increase
72
anti-
against
73
bi-
two, double
74
brady-
slow
75
con-
together, with
76
contra-
against
77
dextro-
right
78
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
79
endo-
inner, within
80
epi-
upon, over
81
erythro-
red
82
hemi-
half
83
hydro-
water
84
hypo-
below, under, beneath, less than normal
85
hyper-
excessive
86
inter-
between
87
leuko-
white
88
melano-
black
89
multi-
many
90
peri-
around
91
pre-
before, in front of
92
tachy-
rapid
93
-ac
pertaining to
94
-al
pertaining to
95
-ary
pertaining to/relating to
96
-blast
embryonic stage of development
97
-ectomy
surgical removal
98
-emia
blood condition
99
-ism
condition
100
-logy
study of
101
-oid
resembling
102
-ole
small, little
103
-oma
tumor
104
-ous
pertaining to
105
-(o)stomy
surgical creation of a new opening
106
-plasty
surgical repair
107
-plegia
paralysis
108
-penia
deficiency, decrease in
109
-pnea
breathing
110
-rrhaphy
suturing
111
-rrhea
flow, discharge
112
-(o)tomy
incision into
113
-tripsy
intentional crushing
114
-uria
characteristic of urine
