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Medical Terminology > Ch. 12 Digestive System Guide/Abbreviations > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Digestive System Guide/Abbreviations Flashcards

1
Q

The GI tract is separated into . . .

A

upper and lower

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2
Q

The upper GI tract contains:

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach

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3
Q

The lower GI tract contains:

A

large and small intestines

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4
Q

The oral cavity (buccal cavity) includes:

A 
lips
cheeks
hard palate
soft palate
uvula
tongue
salivary glands
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5
Q

chewing =

A

mastication

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6
Q

swallowing =

A

deglutition

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7
Q

Rugae is . . .

A

ridges or folds

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8
Q

Rugae is found in . . .

A

mouth and stomach

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9
Q

Salivary (parotid) glands do what?

A

secrete saliva

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10
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

enzymes to break down food

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11
Q

What 3 glands secrete saliva?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of enzymes?

A

amylase

lipase

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13
Q

What does amylase do?

A

breaks down carbohydrates

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14
Q

What does lipase do?

A

breaks down fats

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15
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

propels food to the stomach through peristalsis

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16
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

muscle contractions to move food through the esophagus to the stomach

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17
Q

The muscular ring at the top of the stomach is called what?

A

cardiac sphincter

also known as lower esophageal sphincter

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18
Q

What is the function of the cardiac sphincter?

A

prevent reflux of stomach contents

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19
Q

The stomach is located where?

A

LUQ

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20
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the stomach?

A

fundus - upper rounded portion
body - central, curves to the right
pylorus - lower tubular part

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21
Q

The 1st part of the small intestine is?

A

duodenum

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22
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

A

regulates passage of food from the stomach to duodenum

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23
Q

What are the 3 items that break down food?

A

digestive enzymes
hydrochloric acid
muscular contractions

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24
Q

What is the broken down mixture of food called?

A

chyme

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25
Chyme is released in small amounts through the pyloric sphincter into ________________?
small intestine
26
The small intestine (small bowel) is how long?
20 feet
27
What are the 3 sections of small bowel named?
duodenum jejunum ileum
28
What is the first part of the small intestine?
duodenum
29
How long are the jejunum and ileum?
jejunum - 8 feet | ileum - 12 feet
30
What is the function of the small intestines?
absorb nutrients into bloodstream
31
The small finger-like projections are called?
villi
32
What is the function of villi?
absorb nutrients
33
What is the fold of the peritoneum called?
omentum or mesentery
34
What does the omentum do?
holds intestines in place
35
The large intestines (colon) begin where?
ileocecal junction
36
The ileocecal junction contains . . .
ileocecal sphincter
37
What is the function of the ileocecal sphincter?
prevent backflow of wastes into the small intestines
38
The large intestine is divided into what 3 parts?
cecum colon rectum
39
The cecum is a blind pouch on the _______ side of the abdomen.
right
40
What is attached to the cecum?
vermiform appendix
41
The longest portion of the large intestine is?
colon
42
The colon is divided into 4 sections . . .
``` ascending colon (r) transverse colon descending colon (l) sigmoid colon (rectum/anus) ```
43
The accessory glands of digestion are:
salivary glands liver gallbladder pancreas
44
Where is the liver located?
under diaphragm, slightly to the right
45
The liver makes _________?
bile
46
What does bile do?
breakdown fats in the small intestine
47
Where is the gallbladder located?
under the liver | pear-shaped
48
The gallbladder is connected to the liver via the _______?
cystic duct
49
The cystic duct joins the hepatic duct to form?
the common bile duct
50
The gallbladder and corresponding ducts are sometimes referred to as?
biliary tree
51
What is the function of the gallbladder?
store and concentrate bile produced by liver
52
Where is the pancreas located?
LUQ | behind the stomach
53
The pancreas functions as . . .
exocrine and endocrine gland
54
As an exocrine, the pancreas makes?
digestive juices
55
As an endocrine, the pancreas makes?
insulin
56
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called?
ascites
57
What is ascites usually a sign of?
infection
58
Gurgling sounds in the intestines heard with a stethoscope?
borborygmi
59
Epigastric discomfort after eating?
dyspepsia (heartburn)
60
Difficulty swallowing . . .
dysphagia
61
Emesis is . . .
vomiting (vomitus)
62
Passing gas is . . .
flatus (flay-tus) | flatulence
63
Belching is . . .
eructation
64
Abnormal black, tarry stool . . .
melena
65
Mass of food or medicine?
bolus
66
Herniations of the muscular layer of the intestines is?
diverticulosis
67
Inflammation of diverticulosis . . .
diverticulitis
68
cholelithiasis =
gallstones
69
Stomach protrudes through diaphragm
hiatal hernia (diaphragmatic hernia)
70
A hiatal hernia is due to . . .
an enlarged cardiac sphincter
71
Peptic ulcers are caused by . . .
bacteria H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori)
72
Abnormal passage from the rectum to the skin
anal fistula
73
Twisted bowel =
volvulus
74
Large number of polyps in the colon
chronic polyposis
75
What are the 2 types of polyps?
pedunculated (w/stalk) | sessile (w/o stalk)
76
X-ray of the lower GI tract with radiopaque dye
barium enema
77
Upper GI series
barium swallow
78
Excision of gallbladder
cholecystectomy
79
Scoping of the large intestine
colonoscopy
80
EGD with dye injected for analysis of pancreatic and biliary ducts (pancreatic tree). . .
ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
81
Test on stool specimen using guaiac
stool guaiac
82
What does a stool guaiac identify?
presence of blood in stool unidentifiable by eye Also called hemoccult or stool for occult blood
83
a.c.
before meals
84
BE
barium enema
85
b.i.d.
twice a day
86
t.i.d.
three times a day
87
CT
computerized tomography
88
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
89
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
90
LFT
liver function test
91
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
92
n.p.o.
nothing by mouth
93
p.c.
after meals
94
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
95
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
96
Ba
barium
97
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
98
GB
gallbladder
99
GBS
gallbladder series
100
GER
gastroesophageal reflux
101
GI
gastrointestinal
102
GI series
gastrointestinal series
103
GTT
glucose tolerance test
104
HAV
hepatitis A virus
105
HBV
hepatitis B virus
106
HCl
hydrochloric acid
107
HCV
hepatitis C virus
108
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
109
IVC
intravenous cholangiography
110
LES
lower esophageal sphincter | also known as the cardiac sphincter
111
N&V
nausea and vomiting
112
NG
nasogastric
113
OCG
oral cholecystogram
114
PP or pp
post prandial
115
PPBS
postprandial blood sugar
116
PPG
postprandial glucose
117
PTC/PTCH
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
118
SBFT
small bowel follow-through
119
SBS
small bowel series
120
SGOT
serum glutanic oxaloacetic transaminase | now called AST
121
SGPT
serum glutanic pyruvic transaminase
122
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
123
UGI series
upper gastrointestinal series

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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