Ch. 6 - Skeletal System Study Guide & Abbreviations Flashcards
1
Q
C1, C2, C3,…
A
cervical vertebra 1, 2, 3, etc
2
Q
DEXA
A
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
3
Q
DIP
A
distal interphalangeal (joint)
4
Q
Fx
A
fracture
5
Q
L1, L2, L3,…
A
lumbar vertebra 1, 2, 3, etc
6
Q
LLE
A
left lower extremity
7
Q
LUE
A
left upper extremity
8
Q
MCP
A
metacarpophalangeal
9
Q
MTP
A
metatarsophalangeal
10
Q
PIP
A
proximal interphalangeal (joint)
11
Q
RLE
A
right lower extremity
12
Q
RUE
A
right upper extremity
13
Q
S1
A
sacrum
14
Q
T1, T2, T3,…
A
thoracic vertebra 1, 2, 3, etc
15
Q
THA
A
total hip arthroplasty
16
Q
THR
A
total hip replacement
17
Q
TKA
A
total knee arthroplasty
18
Q
TKR
A
total knee replacement
19
Q
TMJ
A
temporomandibular joint
20
Q
How many bones in the body
A
206
21
Q
5 functions of the skeletal system
A
support the body
protect vital organs
points for attachment for muscles, ligaments, tendons
store minerals (calcium/phosphorus)
red marrow makes blood cells (hematopoiesis)
22
Q
bones are classified according to…
A
shape
23
Q
5 bone shapes:
A
long short flat irregular sesamoid
24
Q
diaphysis
A
shaft of long bone
25
epiphysis
end of long bone
26
epiphyseal line/plate
cartilage separating the diaphysis from epiphysis
| = new growth
27
periosteum
thick, white fibrous membrane that covers diaphysis
28
articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers epiphysis/surface of joints
| covers end of long bones
29
medullary cavity
contains yellow marrow (fat cells and blood cells)
30
red bone marrow
stored in epiphyses/flat bones (adults)
| blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
31
ossification
bone formation
32
osteoblasts
immature bone cells
| build bone
33
osteoclasts
large cells that digest or absorb bone - break it down
34
works together to remodel bone
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
35
osteocytes
mature bone cells
36
trochanter
large bony process below the neck of the femur
| point for muscle attachment
37
tuberosity
elevated, broad, rounded process on bone
| point for muscle or tendon attachment
38
condyle
"knuckle-like" projection
| back of knee (at the distal femur)
39
fontanel
space between the bones of an infant's cranium
| covered by a tough membrane
40
suture
joint between two bones that does not permit any movement
41
only moveable bone of the skull
mandible
42
concha (turbinates)
bones in the nasal cavity
43
hyoid bone
below mandible
| suspended by ligaments
44
24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
vertebral bones
45
Four functions of the vertebral column:
allow good range of motion
support body
points for muscle attachment
protects spinal cord
46
intervertebral disks
shock absorbers between vertebrae in spinal column
47
foramen
a hole in a bone where blood vessels and nerves pass
48
what is the thorax?
rib cage and sternum (thoracic cavity)
49
function of the thoracic cavity
protect the heart and lungs
50
malleolus
distal end of tibia/fibula
51
meniscus
crescent-shaped cartilage (knee)
52
where are the cervical vertebrae/how many
neck - 7
53
difference between diaphysis/epiphysis
diaphysis: shaft of long bone
epiphysis: end of long bone
54
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells
55
where are the lumbar vertebrae/how many
low back - 5
56
difference between osteoclasts/osteoblasts
osteoclasts - crush bone
| osteoblasts - build bone
57
blood cells are produced in:
red bone marrow
58
immovable joints of the cranium
sutures
59
function of tuberosities/trochanters
point for muscle attachment
60
osteoporosis
porous bones due to loss of bone density
61
osteomyelitis
bacterial infection of bone and bone marrow
spread to the bone from the blood
injury or surgery
62
osteomalacia
disease where bones become abnormally soft
deficiency of calcium and phosphorus
results in fractures and noticeable deformities of weight-bearing bones
63
kyphosis
humpback
| abnormal curve of thoracic spine
64
lordosis
swayback
| abnormal inward curve of lumbar spine
65
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve of the spine
66
dextroscoliosis
curve to the right (scoliosis)
67
levoscoliosis
curve to the left (scoliosis)
68
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal cord canal
69
compound (open) fracture
bone breaks through the skin
70
closed fracture
simple fracture
71
comminuted fracture
splinters or crushes a segment of bone
| plate and screws for healing
72
greenstick fracture
breaks on one side, bent on the other
73
compression fracture
bones forced against each other
74
impacted fracture
direct force causes broken end of smaller bone into broken end of larger bone
75
Colles' fracture
at the distal end of the radius (common)
76
bone scan
dye is injected though an IV
| detects the spread of cancer, osteomyelitis, and destructive changes to bone
77
bone marrow aspiration
bone marrow withdrawn to examine or transfuse
78
DEXA scan
bone mineral density (BMD)
79
location of occipital lobe
beneath the occipital bone at the back of the head
80
what is a tuberosity and its function
elevated broad rounded process of a bone
| attachment of muscles or tendons
81
what is formed in red marrow
cells (production)
82
hard outer shell of bone
compact bone
83
where is the radius located
lower arm bone, thumb side
84
where is the scapula located
on the upper back
| shoulder blade
85
smallest leg bone
fibula
86
lower portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
87
floating ribs
last two pairs of ribs (11 - 12)
88
false ribs
ribs 8-10
89
true ribs
ribs 1-7
90
vertebral arch
posterior part of the vertebra
91
manubrium
broad upper end of the sternum
92
acromion
spoon-shaped projection of the scapula
| connects with the clavicle to form highest point of shoulder
93
phalanges
bones of fingers and toes
94
ilium
largest of three hip bones
| flat bone - good source of bone marrow
95
ischium
lowest part of the hip bones
| strongest of the pelvic bones
96
acetabulum
formed by segments of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
| socket for the femur and hip
