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Medical Terminology > Ch. 11 Respiratory System Study Guide/Abbreviations > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Respiratory System Study Guide/Abbreviations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Upper respiratory tract includes . . .

A

nose, pharynx, larynx

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2
Q

Lower respiratory tract includes . . .

A

trachea, bronchi, lungs

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3
Q

The purpose of nose hairs is . . .

A

to help keep out foreign objects

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4
Q

Nostrils are called . . .

A

nares (naris)

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5
Q

The septum is . . .

A

the dividing wall

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6
Q

What lines the nose and sinuses?

A

mucous membranes

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7
Q

What is the function of mucous membranes?

A

to warm and filter air

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8
Q

Pale mucous membranes . . .

A

are called pallor

sign of anemia

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9
Q

Icterus (jaundice) . . .

A

yellow mucous membranes

sign of hyperbilirubinemia

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10
Q

Hair-like projections in the mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract are called:

A

cilia

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11
Q

The pharynx is divided into 3 parts:

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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12
Q

_________ is located in the nasopharynx.

A

adenoids

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13
Q

_________ is located in the oropharynx.

A

tonsils

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14
Q

What is the function of adenoids and tonsils?

A

Help filter out bacteria and foreign matter

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15
Q

__________ is a small flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx.

A

epiglottis

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16
Q

Why does the epiglottis cover the opening of the pharynx?

A

To prevent food and liquids from going to the lungs.

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17
Q

Larynx or _______

A

voice box

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18
Q

What is contained in the larynx?

A

vocal cords

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19
Q

Trachea or ________

A

windpipe

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20
Q

The trachea is located . . .

A

lies in front of the esophagus

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21
Q

What does the trachea do?

A

Passageway for air to bronchi

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22
Q

The trachea has _____________ to provide rigidity.

A

cartilage rings

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23
Q

The bronchi are . . .

A

2 tubes branching from the trachea.

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24
Q

Bronchi turn into __________________ which terminate at the _________________.

A

bronchioles (smaller)

alveoli (air sacs)

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25
Q

Alveoli have very thin walls to allow for . . .

A

gas exchange

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26
Q

Alveoli are also called:

A

pulmonary parenchyma

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27
Q

Lungs are divided into:

A

right lung = 3 lobes

left lung = 2 lobes

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28
Q

The pleura is a . . .

A

double folded membrane

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29
Q

How many pleura are there?

A

two

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30
Q

The parietal pleura is . . .

A

outer layer

lines thoracic cavity

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31
Q

The visceral pleura is . . .

A

inner layer

covers the lungs

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32
Q

The top of the lung is called . . .

A

apex

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33
Q

The bottom of the lung is called . . .

A

base

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34
Q

The _________ is where bronchi, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics ____________________.

A

hilum

enter the lungs

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35
Q

The ________________ is a place in the thoracic cavity that is in the center and underneath the sternum.

A

mediastinum

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36
Q

This muscle lies below the lungs and is shaped like a parachute

A

diaphragm

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37
Q

______________ for evidence of abnormality by using hands and ______.

A

palpation

fingers

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38
Q

Listening for abnormal sounds with a stethoscope

A

auscultation

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39
Q

Percussion is . . .

A

Use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size, and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity.

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40
Q

Temporary cessation of breathing . . .

A

apnea

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41
Q

Collapse of part of a lung . . .

A

atelectasis

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42
Q

Cyanosis is blue-gray discoloration of the skin because

A

not enough oxygen in the blood

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43
Q

Difficulty breathing is

A

dyspnea

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44
Q

Another name for a nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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45
Q

Spitting up blood is

A

hemoptysis

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46
Q

Not enough oxygen in the blood is

A

hypoxemia

47
Q

_____________ is a friction rub caused by inflammation of the ________________

A

pleural rub

pleural space

48
Q

Expulsion of mucus or phlegm

A

expectoration

49
Q

Abnormal sounds in the lungs

A

rales or crackles

50
Q

A runny nose is also called

A

rhinorrhea

51
Q

Rales or rattlings in the throat

A

rhonchi

52
Q

Abnormal rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

53
Q

Abnormal slow breathing

A

bradypnea

54
Q

Whistling sound from narrowing of airway lumen

A

wheeze

55
Q

The ____________________ is the recess between the ribs and the lateral-most portion of the diaphragm seen on _______________.

A

costophrenic angle

chest x-ray

56
Q

Too much CO2 in the blood

A

hypercapnia

57
Q

High-pitched sounds during inhalation is

A

stridor

58
Q

Accessory muscles of respiration means:

A

using extra muscles to breathe

59
Q

Coryza is

A

common cold

60
Q

_________________ serious infectious disease of the nose, pharynx, and larynx, from a bacteria which can release a toxin that can damage the heart and nerves.

A

diphtheria

61
Q

Diphtheria can cause . . .

A

heart failure, paralysis and death

62
Q

Pertussis is also called

A

whooping cough

63
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space resulting in dyspnea is

A

pleural effusion

64
Q

Chronic dilatation of bronchus or bronchi with infection is

A

bronchiectasis

65
Q

A productive cough does what?

A

produces phlegm

66
Q

What is a technique for loosening mucus in the airway so that it may be coughed out?

A

postural drainage

67
Q

How do you perform postural drainage?

A

Tapping is performed in certain areas with the patient in different positions.

68
Q

Emphysema is . . .

A

a chronic pulmonary disease

it is under the umbrella/classification of COPD

69
Q

This happens with emphysema

A

dilation or destruction of alveoli

70
Q

What is the major cause of emphysema?

A

smoking

71
Q

Air between the lung and chest wall is called?

A

pneumothorax

72
Q

What symptoms appear with a pneumothorax?

A

sharp pain
dyspnea
cough

73
Q

What is a thrombus in the lung called?

A

pulmonary embolism (PE)

74
Q

Most patients who die from PE, do so within what time frame?

A

2 hours

75
Q

_________________________ is a type of lung cancer and is associated with smoking.

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

76
Q

Using a scope to look at the bronchi

A

bronchoscopy

77
Q

Using a scope to look at the larynx

A

laryngoscopy

78
Q

To visualize sites of abnormal density a _________ is ordered

A

chest x-ray

79
Q

What is the most common chest x-ray?

A

PA and lateral

80
Q

_______________ is using a needle to collect pleural fluid for analysis, remove excess pleural fluid, or air from the __________________.

A

thoracentesis

pleural space

81
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas(es

82
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

83
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior
a directional term used particularly for x-rays
“from the front to the back”

84
Q

ARD

A

acute respiratory distress

85
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

86
Q

ARF

A

acute respiratory failure

87
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

88
Q

CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

89
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

90
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

91
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

92
Q

DPT

A

diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus

an immunization for immunity given in childhood

93
Q

IPPB

A

intermittent positive pressure breathing

94
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe (of the lung)

95
Q

LUL

A

left upper lobe (of the lung)

96
Q

O2

A

oxygen

97
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior
a directional term used primarily in x-rays
“from the back to the front”

98
Q

PaCO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood

99
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood

100
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

101
Q

PFT(s)

A

pulmonary function tests

102
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

substance used in intradermal test for TB; now called TST

103
Q

R

A

respiration

104
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

105
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe (of the lung)

106
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe (of the lung)

107
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe (of the lung)

108
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

109
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

110
Q

T & A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

111
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

112
Q

TPR

A

temperature, pulse, and respiration

113
Q

TST

A

tuberculin skin test

114
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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