Ch. 4 - Whole Body Terminology Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

cell

A

smallest unit of living matter

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

semipermeable barrier around the cell

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3
Q

nucleus

A

central part of the cell that contains chromosomes (DNA)

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like substance holding organelles

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

provide energy = powerhouse

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6
Q

lysosomes

A

contain digestive enzymes = (garbage men)

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7
Q

ribosomes

A

synthesize protein = protein factories

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8
Q

anaplasia

A

change in structure and orientation of cells

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9
Q

aplasia

A

without growth of organ or tissue

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10
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development of tissues

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11
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive (increase) in tissue

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12
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or body

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13
Q

neoplasia

A

new and abnormal development of tissue; benign or malignant

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14
Q

tissues (4) - group of similar cells that perform…

A

common functions

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15
Q

connective tissue

A

supporting tissue; ligaments, tendons, adipose, bone, cartilage, and blood

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16
Q

epithelial tissue

A

lines blood vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

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17
Q

muscle tissue

A

skeletal, smooth (visceral), and cardiac

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18
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmits nerve impulses that control many functions of the body

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19
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall

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20
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

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21
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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22
Q

coronal plane

A

frontal (front/back)

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23
Q

axial plane

A

transverse (upper/lower)

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24
Q

sagittal plane

A

midsagittal (right/left)

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25
epigastric
above the stomach
26
hypogastric
below the stomach
27
inguinal
groin (pertaining to)
28
umbilical
navel (belly button)
29
landmark for dividing quadrants
umbilicus
30
RUQ
right upper quadrant: | gallbladder, liver, duodenum
31
LUQ
left upper quadrant: | stomach, spleen, pancreas, diaphragm, intestines
32
RLQ
right lower quadrant: | appendix, intestines, (ovaries/uterus female)
33
LLQ
left lower quadrant: | large and small intestines, (ovaries/uterus female)
34
McBurney's Point
located on the right side about 2/3 of the way between the umbilicus and hip. Tenderness at this point is suspicious of appendicitis.
35
2 major body cavities
ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)
36
ventral cavity
front of the body: | thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
37
thoracic cavity
lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea
38
diaphragm
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
39
abdominal cavity
liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys
40
pelvic cavity
bladder, reproductive organs
41
dorsal
back of the body; posterior
42
cranial cavity
brain
43
spinal cavity
spinal cord and nerves
44
how many cervical vertebrae
7
45
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
46
how many lumbar vertebrae
5
47
how many sacral vertebrae
5 fused sacral bones
48
coccyx
tailbone
49
anatomical position
standing, arms to the side, palm turned forward
50
superior
above or towards the head
51
inferior
below, or towards the feet (or tail)
52
superficial
near the surface of the body
53
deep
away from the surface
54
medial
toward the midline
55
lateral
away from the midline
56
ventral
toward the belly of the body, anterior
57
dorsal
pertaining to the back, posterior
58
distal
away from the trunk/torso
59
proximal
towards the trunk/torso
60
supine
lying horizontally on the back
61
prone
lying facedown on the abdomen
62
caudal
pertaining to the tail
63
visceral
pertaining to organs
64
plantar
pertaining to the bottom of the foot