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Medical Terminology > Ch. 4 - Whole Body Terminology Study Guide > Flashcards

Ch. 4 - Whole Body Terminology Study Guide Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

smallest unit of living matter

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

semipermeable barrier around the cell

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3
Q

nucleus

A

central part of the cell that contains chromosomes (DNA)

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like substance holding organelles

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5
Q

mitochondria

A

provide energy = powerhouse

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6
Q

lysosomes

A

contain digestive enzymes = (garbage men)

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7
Q

ribosomes

A

synthesize protein = protein factories

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8
Q

anaplasia

A

change in structure and orientation of cells

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9
Q

aplasia

A

without growth of organ or tissue

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10
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development of tissues

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11
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive (increase) in tissue

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12
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or body

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13
Q

neoplasia

A

new and abnormal development of tissue; benign or malignant

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14
Q

tissues (4) - group of similar cells that perform…

A

common functions

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15
Q

connective tissue

A

supporting tissue; ligaments, tendons, adipose, bone, cartilage, and blood

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16
Q

epithelial tissue

A

lines blood vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

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17
Q

muscle tissue

A

skeletal, smooth (visceral), and cardiac

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18
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmits nerve impulses that control many functions of the body

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19
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall

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20
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

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21
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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22
Q

coronal plane

A

frontal (front/back)

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23
Q

axial plane

A

transverse (upper/lower)

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24
Q

sagittal plane

A

midsagittal (right/left)

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25
Q

epigastric

A

above the stomach

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26
Q

hypogastric

A

below the stomach

27
Q

inguinal

A

groin (pertaining to)

28
Q

umbilical

A

navel (belly button)

29
Q

landmark for dividing quadrants

A

umbilicus

30
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant:

gallbladder, liver, duodenum

31
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant:

stomach, spleen, pancreas, diaphragm, intestines

32
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant:

appendix, intestines, (ovaries/uterus female)

33
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant:

large and small intestines, (ovaries/uterus female)

34
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

located on the right side about 2/3 of the way between the umbilicus and hip. Tenderness at this point is suspicious of appendicitis.

35
Q

2 major body cavities

A

ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)

36
Q

ventral cavity

A

front of the body:

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

37
Q

thoracic cavity

A

lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea

38
Q

diaphragm

A

separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

39
Q

abdominal cavity

A

liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys

40
Q

pelvic cavity

A

bladder, reproductive organs

41
Q

dorsal

A

back of the body; posterior

42
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

43
Q

spinal cavity

A

spinal cord and nerves

44
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

7

45
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

46
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

47
Q

how many sacral vertebrae

A

5 fused sacral bones

48
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

49
Q

anatomical position

A

standing, arms to the side, palm turned forward

50
Q

superior

A

above or towards the head

51
Q

inferior

A

below, or towards the feet (or tail)

52
Q

superficial

A

near the surface of the body

53
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

54
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

55
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

56
Q

ventral

A

toward the belly of the body, anterior

57
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back, posterior

58
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk/torso

59
Q

proximal

A

towards the trunk/torso

60
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back

61
Q

prone

A

lying facedown on the abdomen

62
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

63
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to organs

64
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the bottom of the foot

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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