Ch. 4 - Whole Body Terminology Study Guide

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

smallest unit of living matter

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

semipermeable barrier around the cell

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

central part of the cell that contains chromosomes (DNA)

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

gel-like substance holding organelles

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

provide energy = powerhouse

Question 6

lysosomes

Answer 6

contain digestive enzymes = (garbage men)

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

synthesize protein = protein factories

Question 8

anaplasia

Answer 8

change in structure and orientation of cells

Question 9

aplasia

Answer 9

without growth of organ or tissue

Question 10

dysplasia

Answer 10

abnormal development of tissues

Question 11

hyperplasia

Answer 11

excessive (increase) in tissue

Question 12

hypoplasia

Answer 12

underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or body

Question 13

neoplasia

Answer 13

new and abnormal development of tissue; benign or malignant

Question 14

tissues (4) - group of similar cells that perform…

Answer 14

common functions

Question 15

connective tissue

Answer 15

supporting tissue; ligaments, tendons, adipose, bone, cartilage, and blood

Question 16

epithelial tissue

Answer 16

lines blood vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

Question 17

muscle tissue

Answer 17

skeletal, smooth (visceral), and cardiac

Question 18

nervous tissue

Answer 18

transmits nerve impulses that control many functions of the body

Question 19

peritoneum

Answer 19

serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall

Question 20

histology

Answer 20

study of tissue

Question 21

cytology

Answer 21

study of cells

Question 22

coronal plane

Answer 22

frontal (front/back)

Question 23

axial plane

Answer 23

transverse (upper/lower)

Question 24

sagittal plane

Answer 24

midsagittal (right/left)

Question 25

epigastric

Answer 25

above the stomach

Question 26

hypogastric

Answer 26

below the stomach

Question 27

inguinal

Answer 27

groin (pertaining to)

Question 28

umbilical

Answer 28

navel (belly button)

Question 29

landmark for dividing quadrants

Answer 29

umbilicus

Question 30

RUQ

Answer 30

right upper quadrant: | gallbladder, liver, duodenum

Question 31

LUQ

Answer 31

left upper quadrant: | stomach, spleen, pancreas, diaphragm, intestines

Question 32

RLQ

Answer 32

right lower quadrant: | appendix, intestines, (ovaries/uterus female)

Question 33

LLQ

Answer 33

left lower quadrant: | large and small intestines, (ovaries/uterus female)

Question 34

McBurney's Point

Answer 34

located on the right side about 2/3 of the way between the umbilicus and hip. Tenderness at this point is suspicious of appendicitis.

Question 35

2 major body cavities

Answer 35

ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)

Question 36

ventral cavity

Answer 36

front of the body: | thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

Question 37

thoracic cavity

Answer 37

lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea

Question 38

diaphragm

Answer 38

separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 39

abdominal cavity

Answer 39

liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys

Question 40

pelvic cavity

Answer 40

bladder, reproductive organs

Question 41

dorsal

Answer 41

back of the body; posterior

Question 42

cranial cavity

Answer 42

brain

Question 43

spinal cavity

Answer 43

spinal cord and nerves

Question 44

how many cervical vertebrae

Answer 44

7

Question 45

how many thoracic vertebrae

Answer 45

12

Question 46

how many lumbar vertebrae

Answer 46

5

Question 47

how many sacral vertebrae

Answer 47

5 fused sacral bones

Question 48

coccyx

Answer 48

tailbone

Question 49

anatomical position

Answer 49

standing, arms to the side, palm turned forward

Question 50

superior

Answer 50

above or towards the head

Question 51

inferior

Answer 51

below, or towards the feet (or tail)

Question 52

superficial

Answer 52

near the surface of the body

Question 53

deep

Answer 53

away from the surface

Question 54

medial

Answer 54

toward the midline

Question 55

lateral

Answer 55

away from the midline

Question 56

ventral

Answer 56

toward the belly of the body, anterior

Question 57

dorsal

Answer 57

pertaining to the back, posterior

Question 58

distal

Answer 58

away from the trunk/torso

Question 59

proximal

Answer 59

towards the trunk/torso

Question 60

supine

Answer 60

lying horizontally on the back

Question 61

prone

Answer 61

lying facedown on the abdomen

Question 62

caudal

Answer 62

pertaining to the tail

Question 63

visceral

Answer 63

pertaining to organs

Question 64

plantar

Answer 64

pertaining to the bottom of the foot