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Medical Terminology > Ch. 13 Endocrine/Ch. 15 Urinary Study Guide/Abbreviations > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Endocrine/Ch. 15 Urinary Study Guide/Abbreviations Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine gland is a ductless gland that secretes . . .

A

hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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2
Q

The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland, behind and slightly above . . .

A

the nose and throat

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3
Q

The anterior pituitary gland secretes 7 hormones. What are they?

A 
GH - growth hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
LTH - lactogenic hormone
FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone
LH - luteinizing hormone
MSH - melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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4
Q

The posterior pituitary gland secretes 2 hormones. What are they?

A

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

OT - oxytocin

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5
Q

What does the pineal gland do?

A

secretes melatonin

induces sleep

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6
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

in front of the neck, below larynx

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7
Q

The thyroid gland secretes what 3 hormones?

A

T3 (triiodothyronine) - growth and development
T4 (thyroxine) - metabolism
calcitonin - regulates calcium levels in blood

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8
Q

What is the parathyroid gland?

A

4 rounded bodies on the dorsum of the thyroid

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9
Q

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

parathyroid hormone

regulates levels of calcium in the blood

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10
Q

Where is the thymus?

A

mediastinum beneath the sternum

the thymus shrinks with age

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11
Q

What 2 hormones does the thymus secrete?

A

thymosin and thymopoietin

both stimulate production of T cells

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12
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

2 glands, 1 per kidney, atop each kidney

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13
Q

What do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

corticosteroids and hormones

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14
Q

What are the 2 hormones secreted by adrenals?

A

epinephrine (adrenaline)

norepinephrine (noradrenaline) returns body to normal

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15
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

LUQ - behind the stomach

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16
Q

The pancreas contains a group of cells called . . .

A

islets of Langerhans

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17
Q

What does the islets of Langerhans do?

A

produces hormones: glucagon and insulin

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18
Q

Define acromegaly

A

hyperexcretion of the human growth hormone (HGH)
usually due to a pituitary gland tumor
treatment is surgery/radiation

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19
Q

Diabetes insipidus is . . .

A

deficiency of secretion of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
excretion of large amounts of urine and sodium
patients have excessive thirst - drink excess water

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20
Q

Diabetes mellitus is . . .

A 
common form of diabetes
lack of insulin production by the pancreas
sugar present in the urine
Type I
Type II
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21
Q

Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland is:

A

goiter

possibly from lack of iodine

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22
Q

Graves’ disease is . . .

A

hyperthyroidism
it causes exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)
treated with antithyroid medication, radioiodine, and surgery

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23
Q

Define diabetic retinopathy . . .

A

capillaries of the retina have localized areas of bulging (microaneurysms), hemorrhages, leakage, and scarring eventually resulting in loss of vision.

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24
Q

Cushing’s syndrome:

A

adrenal glands produce excessive corticosteroids

symptoms are weight gain, fatigue, and moon-like facies

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25
disease of a gland
adenopathy
26
steroid hormone that increases male characteristics
androgen
27
suppresses urine production
antidiuretic
28
islets of Langerhans fail to produce enough insulin
diabetes mellitus
29
normal thyroid
euthyroid
30
secretes substance through ducts
exocrine gland
31
outward protrusion of eyeballs
exophthalmos
32
Glucagon is . . .
hormone secreted by islets of Langerhans | stimulates liver to convert glycogen into glucose
33
excessive body hair in a male distribution pattern
hirsutism
34
elevated blood calcium levels
hypercalcemia
35
low blood potassium levels
hypokalemia
36
low blood sodium levels
hyponatremia
37
Oxytocin is . . .
hormone secreted from posterior pituitary gland | stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown
38
excessive eating
polyphagia
39
excretion of a large amount of urine
polyuria
40
Hormones secreted by the thymus to stimulate T cell production:
thymopoietin | thymosin
41
DM
diabetes mellitus
42
FBS
fasting blood sugar
43
GTT
glucose tolerance test
44
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes
45
NIDDM
noninsulin-dependent diabetes
46
K
potassium
47
Ca
calcium
48
Na
sodium
49
Where are the kidneys located?
each side of the vertebral column | back of the upper abdominal cavity
50
Name the 3 areas of the kidney:
cortex - outer layer medulla - inner region (contains nephron) hilum - where blood vessels enter and ureter exits the kidney
51
What are ureters?
tubes from kidney to bladder carries urine 1 for each kidney
52
temporary storage for urine
bladder
53
where urine exits the body
urethra
54
The color of urine should be:
pale to deep yellow
55
If the urine is darker it is:
very concentrated
56
Hematuria is:
blood in the urine (reddish-brown color)
57
What are the 3 terms for clarity in urine?
turbid - cloudy pyuria - pus bacteruria - bacteria
58
Odor is classified as:
strong odor - not foul
59
Foul or putrid odor is common with?
infection
60
This is found with patients with diabetes mellitus?
fruity odor
61
albuminuria =
proteinuria
62
anuria
no urine output
63
dysuria
painful urination
64
nocturia
excessive nighttime urination
65
polydipsia
excessive thirst
66
pyuria
pus in urine
67
cystitis is
inflammation of the bladder symptoms are: frequency, urgency, hematuria caused by: infection, kidney stone, or tumor
68
renal calculi:
kidney stones | calcium oxalate most common at 70%
69
BUN is:
blood urea nitrogen | blood test checks the amount of urea and nitrogen present in blood
70
cystoscopy
viewing the interior of the bladder with a scope
71
IVP (intravenous pyelogram)
``` visualize the entire urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) contrast dye is given by IV x-rays are taken diagnose tumors, cysts, stones or other anomalies ```
72
KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)
x-ray with no contrast medium
73
UA (urinalysis)
physical, chemical, or microscopic examination of urine
74
without symptoms
asymptomatic
75
scope used to view the interior of the bladder
cystoscope
76
removing waste products from the blood when kidneys are unable
dialysis
77
urination or voiding
micturition
78
kidney stones
nephrolithiasis (renal calculi)
79
inability to retain urine
incontinence
80
inability to empty bladder
retention
81
dye that doesn't permit passage of x-rays
radiopaque | appears white on x-ray
82
distention of kidney because of obstructed ureter
hydronephrosis
83
UTI
urinary tract infection
84
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
85
ESWL
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
86
UA
urinalysis
87
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
88
The pituitary gland is a ______________ and its function is to:
master gland | secrete hormones that control other organs

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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