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Medical Terminology > Ch. 7 - Muscles and Joints Study Guide/Abbreviations > Flashcards

Ch. 7 - Muscles and Joints Study Guide/Abbreviations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 functions of muscle

A 
motion
movement of body fluids
regulation of body fluids (kidneys)
body stability
heat production - 85%
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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3
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

attach to the bones of the skeleton
voluntary
striated muscles
peripherally located nuclei

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4
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

visceral muscle (walls of hollow organs)
involuntary
no striations
centrally located nuclei

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5
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

involuntary muscle
striated
intercalated disks (only cardiac)
centrally located nuclei

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6
Q

Naming of muscles; function

A

extensor
flexor
adductor
pronator

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7
Q

trapezius

muscle shape

A

trapezoid

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8
Q

rhomboideus

muscle shape

A

rhomboid

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9
Q

deltoid

muscle shape

A

deltoid shaped or triangular

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10
Q

biceps

muscle shape

A

two heads

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11
Q

triceps

muscle shape

A

three heads

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12
Q

Relative position of muscles

A 
external
internal
abdominal
medial
lateral
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13
Q

intercostal

location

A

between the ribs

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14
Q

pectoralis

location

A

chest

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15
Q

temporalis

site of attachment

A

temporal bone

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16
Q

zygomaticus

site of attachment

A

zygomatic bone

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17
Q

sternohyoid

origin and insertion

A 
sternum = origin
hyoid = insertion
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18
Q

sternocleidomastoid

origin and insertion

A

sternum and clavicle = origins

mastoid process = insertion

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19
Q

maximus

size

A

larger or largest

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20
Q

minimus

size

A

smaller or smallest

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21
Q

brevis

size

A

short

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22
Q

longus

size

A

long

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23
Q

oblique

orientation of fibers

A

diagonal

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24
Q

rectus

orientation of fibers

A

straight

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25
Q

transverse

orientation of fibers

A

across

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26
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the joints

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27
Q

atrophy

A

wasting away

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28
Q

contraction

microscopic

A

reduction in size, especially of muscle fibers

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29
Q

contracture

A

abnormal bending of the joint in a fixed position

ex - Dupuytren’s contracture

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30
Q

fascia

A

thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle

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31
Q

tendon

A

CT - attaches muscle to bone

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32
Q

ligament

A

attaches bone to bone

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33
Q

insertion

A

point of muscle attachment to a bone that moves

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34
Q

origin

A

point of muscle attachment to a bone that is less moveable

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35
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

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36
Q

sprain

A

tearing injury to ligament

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37
Q

strain

A

tearing injury to muscle

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38
Q

synovial fluid

A

thick lubricating fluid in synovial joints

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39
Q

bursa

A

sac that holds synovial fluid

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40
Q

flexion

A

bending motion

decreases the angle between two joints

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41
Q

extension

A

straightening motion

increases the angle between two joints

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42
Q

adduction

A

adding to the midline

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43
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the midline

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44
Q

supination

A

turning the palm up or forward

45
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm down or backward

46
Q

dorsiflexion

A

foot decreases the angle between the leg and the top of the foot

47
Q

plantar flexion

A

foot increases the angle between the leg and top of the foot

motion of planting seed

48
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

arthritis affecting the vertebral column

causes deformities of the spine

49
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

weakness and degeneration of muscle
without nerve degeneration
muscles atrophy
genetic

50
Q

bunion (hallux valgus)

A

abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

51
Q

ganglion

A

cystic tumor on a tendon

usually on the back of the wrist

52
Q

gout

A

form of acute arthritis
inflammation of the first metatarsal joint
generally in the great toe

53
Q

herniated nucleus pulposus

A

slipped disk

54
Q

Lyme disease

A

acute, recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick

55
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic, systemic inflammatory joint disease

mainly small peripheral joints (hands/feet)

56
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

inflamed fascia on the plantar side of the foot

painful heel

57
Q

Plantar fasciitis treatment

A

rest
evaluation of shoes and activities
NSAIDS

58
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint with a needle to extract fluid for analysis

59
Q

arthroplasty

A

reconstruction or replacement of a joint

60
Q

arthroscopy

A

looking at the interior of a joint with a scope

61
Q

Rheumatoid factor

A

blood test

measures the unusual antibodies that develop in a number of CT diseases (rheumatoid arthritis)

62
Q

sed rate

A

sedimentation rate

blood test that measures the rate at which RBC’s settle in the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood

63
Q

bi-

A

BYE

twice, double, two

64
Q

bucc/o

A

BUCK-oh

cheek

65
Q

-cele

A

SEEL

swelling or herniation

66
Q

dors/o

A

DOR-soh

back

67
Q

dys-

A

DISS

bad, difficult, painful, disordered

68
Q

electr/o

A

ee-LEK-troh

electrical, electricity

69
Q

fasci/o

A

FASH-ee-oh

band of fibrous tissue

70
Q

fibr/o

A

FIH-broh

fiber

71
Q

-graphy

A

GRAH-fee

process of recording

72
Q

-itis

A

EYE-tis

inflammation

73
Q

kinesi/o

A

kigh-NEE-zee-oh

movement

74
Q

kines/o

A

kigh-NEE-zoh

movement

75
Q

leiomy/o

A

lye-oh-MY-oh

smooth muscle

76
Q

my/o

A

MY-oh

muscle

77
Q

myos/o

A

my-OH-so

muscle

78
Q

pector/o

A

peck-TOR-oh

pertaining to the chest

79
Q

-plegia

A

PLEE-jee-ah

paralysis

80
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

rab-DOH-my-oh

striated muscle; skeletal muscle

81
Q

tax/o

A

TACK-soh

coordination, order

82
Q

tri-

A

TRY

three

83
Q

troph/o

A

TROH-foh

development

84
Q

ankyl/o

A

ANG-kih-loh

stiff

85
Q

arthr/o

A

AR-throh

joint

86
Q

articul/o

A

ar-TIK-yoo-loh

joint

87
Q

burs/o

A

BER-soh

bursa

88
Q

-centesis

A

sen-TEE-sis

surgical puncture

89
Q

-desis

A

DEE-sis

binding or surgical fusion

90
Q

-gram

A

GRAM

record or picture

91
Q

ligament/o

A

lig-ah-MEN-toh

ligament

92
Q

oste/o

A

OSS-tee-oh

bone

93
Q

-plasty

A

PLAS-tee

surgical repair

94
Q

-scopy

A

SKOH-pee

process of viewing with an endoscope

95
Q

ten/o
tendin/o
tend/o

A

TEN-oh
ten-DIN-oh
TEN-doh

tendon

96
Q

DIP

A

distal interphalangeal (joint)

97
Q

ESR (sed rate)

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

98
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

99
Q

MCP

A

metacarpophalangeal (joint)

100
Q

MTP

A

metatarsophalangeal (joint)

101
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

102
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal (joint)

103
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

104
Q

RF

A

rheumatoid factor

105
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematous

106
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

107
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

108
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflexes

109
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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